Ribonuclease H: properties, substrate specificity and roles in retroviral reverse transcription.

Ribonuclease H: properties, substrate specificity and roles in retroviral reverse transcription.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06909.x
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发表时间:
2009-03
期刊:
The FEBS journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schultz SJ
Schultz SJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Champoux JJ;Schultz SJ

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逆转录病毒逆转录酶同时具有DNA聚合酶和核糖核酸酶H活性。与DNA聚合酶活性的联系赋予了逆转录病毒RNase H独特的性质,这是在细胞同行中找不到的。除了DNA/RNA杂交体上典型的核酸内切酶活性外,逆转录病毒酶的切割还受到DNA 3‘和RNA 5’凹端的指导,以及切割位点附近的某些核苷酸序列的偏好。这一特异性谱使逆转录病毒RNase H能够在逆转录过程中进行一系列切割反应,在负链合成后降解病毒RNA基因组,准确地产生启动正链的引物,促进正链合成的启动,并在正链和负链延伸后去除它们。
Retroviral reverse transcriptases possess both a DNA polymerase and an RNase H activity. The linkage with the DNA polymerase activity endows the retroviral RNases H with unique properties not found in the cellular counterparts. In addition to the typical endonuclease activity on a DNA/RNA hybrid, cleavage by the retroviral enzymes is also directed by both DNA 3' recessed and RNA 5' recessed ends, and by certain nucleotide sequence preferences in the vicinity of the cleavage site. This spectrum of specificities enables the retroviral RNases H to carry out a series of cleavage reactions during reverse transcription to degrade the viral RNA genome after minus strand synthesis, precisely generate the primer for the initiation of plus strands, facilitate the initiation of plus strand synthesis, and remove both plus- and minus-strand primers after they have been extended.
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