Decision making in the face of a deadly predator: high-amplitude behavioural thresholds can be adaptive for rainforest crickets under high background noise levels
Decision making in the face of a deadly predator: high-amplitude behavioural thresholds can be adaptive for rainforest crickets under high background noise levels
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面对致命捕食者的决策：高振幅行为阈值可以适应高背景噪声水平下的雨林蟋蟀
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0471
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Holderied
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Römer;M. Holderied
许多昆虫家族已经进化出了耳朵，可以用来探测蝙蝠的超声波叫声。指示蝙蝠存在的声学感觉线索然后用于启动蝙蝠回避行为。背景噪声，特别是在超声波频率下的背景噪声，使这些决定复杂化，因为对背景的响应可能导致代价高昂的假警报。在这里，我们量化蝙蝠回避反应的小雨林蟋蟀（蟋蟀科，Trigoniinae），生活在高水平的超声波背景噪声的条件下。它们的蝙蝠回避行为表现出显着高于其他研究的耳昆虫的阈值。它们的反应在阈上振幅高达105 dB的声压级时没有质的差异。此外，它们也表现出回避反应，单一的，高频率的事件，并不需要重复序列的超声波呼叫典型的蝙蝠回声定位呼叫的搜索阶段。在蟋蟀的雨林栖息地，对蝙蝠和Katydid声音的振幅和峰值频率的分析表明，蟋蟀的行为阈值将成功地拒绝Katydid背景噪音。通过测量蟋蟀对蝙蝠捕食者的回声目标强度，我们计算了捕食者和猎物的探测距离。尽管它们的行为阈值很高，但蟋蟀猎物在20至40 kHz之间的频率下仍然具有显着的检测优势。他们忽略的低振幅蝙蝠叫声并不是捕食威胁，因为在蝙蝠听到蟋蟀的回声之前，即使是更大的叫声也会被检测到。这样就有足够的时间进行规避行动。因此，一个简单的决策标准的基础上的高振幅的行为阈值可以适应下的高背景噪声水平在夜间雨林，在避免误报和只错过检测蝙蝠呼叫太远，造成风险。这篇文章是“识别系统中的信号检测理论：从进化模型到实验测试”主题的一部分。
Many insect families have evolved ears that are adapted to detect ultrasonic calls of bats. The acoustic sensory cues indicating the presence of a bat are then used to initiate bat avoidance behaviours. Background noise, in particular at ultrasonic frequencies, complicates these decisions, since a response to the background may result in costly false alarms. Here, we quantify bat avoidance responses of small rainforest crickets (Gryllidae, Trigoniinae), which live under conditions of high levels of ultrasonic background noise. Their bat avoidance behaviour exhibits markedly higher thresholds than most other studied eared insects. Their responses do not qualitatively differ at suprathreshold amplitudes up to sound pressure levels of 105 dB. Moreover, they also exhibit evasive responses to single, high-frequency events and do not require the repetitive sequence of ultrasonic calls typical for the search phase of bat echolocation calls. Analysis of bat and katydid sound amplitudes and peak frequencies in the crickets' rainforest habitat revealed that the cricket's behavioural threshold would successfully reject the katydid background noise. Using measurements of the crickets' echo target strength for bat predators, we calculated the detection distances for both predators and prey. Despite their high behavioural threshold, the cricket prey still has a significant detection advantage at frequencies between 20 and 40 kHz. The low-amplitude bat calls they ignore are no predation threat because even much louder calls would be detected before the bat would hear the cricket echo. This leaves ample time for evasive actions. Thus, a simple decision criterion based on a high-amplitude behavioural threshold can be adaptive under the high background noise levels in nocturnal rainforests, in avoiding false alarms and only missing detection for bat calls too far away to pose a risk. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
虎甲虫 Cicindela marutha dow 对超声波的行为反应结合了空气动力学的变化和声音的产生。
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.200.3.649
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
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作者：
Yager,DD;Spangler,HG
通讯作者：
Spangler,HG
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.198.12.2593
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Forrest,TG;Farris,HE;Hoy,RR
通讯作者：
Hoy,RR
蟋蟀 Eunemobius carolinus（蟋蟀科，Nemobiinae）的超声敏感性。
DOI：
10.1121/1.428398
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Farris,HE;Hoy,RR
通讯作者：
Hoy,RR