Risk-Prone Behaviour Under Rules Which Have Evolved in a Changing Environment
Risk-Prone Behaviour Under Rules Which Have Evolved in a Changing Environment
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在不断变化的环境中演变的规则下容易出现风险的行为
DOI：
10.1093/icb/36.4.484
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
J. McNamara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. McNamara
提要。本文讨论了食物数量的风险敏感性，并对试图在冬季等一段时间内生存的动物表现出的风险敏感行为进行了建模。我认为，在最大化生存概率方面，规避风险的行为比倾向于风险的行为重要得多。我还认为，实验室中的动物将继续使用适应食物来源的规则，这些规则会随着时间的推移而变化。研究了环境变化的一个模型。该模型预测，变化的结果是，在实验室研究中，预计风险较低的行为将比标准模型预测的行为更容易发生。据预测，在不断变化的环境中了解随机食物来源的需要将进一步减少风险倾向行为的发生率。很难了解高度可变的食物来源。事实证明，这会导致避险情绪，即使优化标准是最大化平均长期粮食增益率。讨论了一般建模哲学的含义。
SYNOPSIS. This paper deals with risk sensitivity in amount of food, and is concerned with modelling the risk-sensitive behaviour exhibited by an animal which is attempting to survive a period such as winter. I argue that, in maximising survival probability, risk-averse behaviour is much more important than risk-prone behaviour. I also argue that animals in the laboratory will continue to use rules which are adapted to food sources which change over time. A model of environmental change is investigated. This model predicts that a consequence of change is that less riskprone behaviour than that predicted by standard models is to be expected in laboratory studies. The need to learn about a stochastic food source in a changing environment is predicted to further reduce the incidence of risk-prone behaviour. It is difficult to learn about highly variable food sources. This is shown to lead to risk-aversion even when the optimisation criterion is maximisation of mean long-term rate of food gain. Implications of the general modelling philosophy are discussed.