Psychophysiology of Pain
Psychophysiology of Pain
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疼痛的心理生理学
DOI：
10.2190/rfur-ta4r-kxpb-18fl
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Sternbach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Sternbach
近年来有关疼痛状态的文献表明：个体的痛阈相对恒定，但疼痛耐受性受心理状态的影响;疼痛的表达部分是种族成员和外向程度的函数;疼痛主诉也受文化和外向因素以及神经质程度的影响。对疼痛患者的研究表明，急性疼痛患者往往表现出正常的人格特征，但疼痛的程度与焦虑的程度有关。大多数慢性疼痛患者，像那些心因性疼痛，表现出躯体的偏见和反应性抑郁。疼痛患者的治疗和/或康复已经在三个领域发展。在周围神经病变和一些脊髓病变的情况下，使用“神经起搏器”的电刺激通常可以“关闭”疼痛信号的大门，并提供显着的疼痛减轻或消除。精神药物，特别是三环类抗抑郁药，有时与吩噻嗪和抗组胺药联合使用，在许多中枢性疼痛的情况下有效，并有助于增加疼痛耐受性，减少其他疼痛状态对麻醉剂的需求。操作性条件反射，包括使用生物反馈，消除疼痛行为，增加疼痛不相容行为，具有良好的长期效果。
The recent literature on pain states shows: pain thresholds are relatively constant for an individual, but pain tolerance is influenced by psychological state; the expression of pain is a function partly of ethnic membership and degree of extroversion; pain complaints are determined as well by cultural and extroversive factors, and also degree of neuroticism. Studies of pain patients reveals that those with acute pain tend to show normal personality profiles, but the degree of pain experienced is related to the degree of anxiety present. Most chronic pain patients, like those with psychogenic pain, show somatic preoccupations and reactive depression. The treatment and/or rehabilitation of pain patients has developed in three areas. In cases of peripheral neuropathy and some spinal cord lesions, electrical stimulation with “neural pacemakers” can often “close the gate” to pain signals and provide significant reduction or abolition of pain. Psychotropic medications, particularly the tricyclic antidepressants, sometimes in combination with phenothiazines and antihistamines, are effective in many instances of central pain, and help increase the pain tolerance and decrease the need for narcotics in other pain states. Operant conditioning, including the use of biofeedback, extinguishes pain behavior and increases pain-incompatible behaviors, with good long-term results.