Phoresy.
Phoresy.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.073
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发表时间：
2017-06-19
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Roode J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White PS;Morran L;de Roode J
随着时间的推移，恐惧症会变成寄生虫吗？不，他们可以。尽管幽灵有严格的定义，但运输佛龙的成本可能不高。根据宿主身上有多少灵媒，以及宿主带着灵媒旅行的距离，幽灵可能会有一些成本。此外，一旦建立了磷化关系，寄生就可以进化。例如，绝症线虫搭乘它们的千足类寄主，并在寄主死亡时吞噬它们。虽然目前没有证据表明它们会加速死亡，但可能会出现导致死亡的线虫的选择。光相互作用也可能变得互惠互利。例如，寄生埃斯利尼虫搭乘在飞毛虫等黄蜂身上。寄主和寄主都会受到寄生蜂的攻击，但寄生蜂能够击退这种黄蜂，从而保护自己和寄主。因此，磷的相互作用很可能是寄生和互惠进化的前奏。
Can phoresy turn into parasitism over time? Yes, they can. Despite the strict definition of phoresy, transportation of phoronts may carry mild costs. Depending on how many phoronts are on the hosts, and the distance that hosts travel with their phoronts, phoresy may have some costs. In addition, once phoretic relationships are established, parasitism can evolve. For example, necromantic nematodes hitch rides on their millipede hosts and consume their host upon its death. While there is no current evidence that they speed up mortality, selection for mortality-inducing nematodes may occur. Phoretic interactions may also become mutualistic. For example, the mite Ensliniella parasitica hitches rides on the wasp Allodynerus delphinalis. Both host and phoront are attacked by a parasitoid wasp, but the mite is able to fight off this wasp, thereby protecting itself and its host. Thus, phoretic interactions are likely to be preludes to the evolution of parasitism and mutualism.