Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine-disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust
Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine-disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust
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DOI：
10.1021/es0264596
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发表时间：
2003-10-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Brody, JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudel, RA;Camann, DE;Brody, JG
被确定为内分泌干扰化合物 (EDC) 的化学物质在消费者中有着广泛的用途，但人们对室内接触情况知之甚少。我们对 120 个家庭的室内空气和灰尘进行了采样，分析了 89 种被确定为 EDC 的有机化学物质。在空气中检测到 52 种化合物，在灰尘中检测到 66 种化合物。这是首次报道在住宅环境中对 30 多种化合物进行测量，其中包括几种浓度最高的化合物。每个家庭在空气中检测到的化合物数量为 13 至 28 种，在灰尘中检测到的化合物数量为 6 至 42 种。空气中最丰富的化合物包括邻苯二甲酸盐（增塑剂、乳化剂）、邻苯基苯酚（消毒剂）、4-壬基苯酚（洗涤剂代谢物）和 4-叔丁基苯酚（粘合剂），典型浓度范围为 501500 ng/m(3)。五溴二苯醚和四溴二苯醚（阻燃剂）经常在灰尘中检测到，而 2,3-二溴-1-丙醇（1977 年禁用的阻燃剂的致癌中间体）也在空气和灰尘中检测到。在空气中检测到 23 种农药，在灰尘中检测到 27 种农药，其中含量最多的是氯菊酯和增效剂胡椒基丁醚。禁用农药七氯、氯丹、甲氧滴滴涕和滴滴涕也经常被检测到，表明室内降解有限。检测到的 15 种化合物的浓度超出了政府基于健康的指南，但没有针对 28 种化合物的指南，并且现有指南未考虑内分泌影响。这项研究为优先考虑单个 EDC 和混合物的毒理学和暴露研究提供了基础，并为健康研究中的暴露评估提供了新工具。
Chemicals identified as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have widespread consumer uses, yet little is known about indoor exposure. We sampled indoor air and dust in 120 homes, analyzing for 89 organic chemicals identified as EDCs. Fifty-two compounds were detected in air and 66 were detected in dust. These are the first reported measures in residential environments for over 30 of the compounds, including several detected at the highest concentrations. The number of compounds detected per home ranged from 13 to 28 in air and from 6 to 42 in dust. The most abundant compounds in air included phthalates (plasticizers, emulsifiers), o-phenylphenol (disinfectant), 4-nonylphenol (detergent metabolite), and 4-tert-butylphenol (adhesive) with typical concentrations in the range of 501500 ng/m(3). The penta- and tetrabrominated diphenyl ethers (flame retardants) were frequently detected in dust, and 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol, the carcinogenic intermediate of a flame retardant banned in 1977, was detected in air and dust. Twenty-three pesticides were detected in air and 27 were detected in dust, the most abundant being permethrins and the synergist piperonyl butoxide. The banned pesticides heptachlor, chlordane, methoxychlor, and DDT were also frequently detected, suggesting limited indoor degradation. Detected concentrations exceeded government health-based guidelines for 15 compounds, but no guidelines are available for 28 compounds, and existing guidelines do not consider endocrine effects. This study provides a basis for prioritizing toxicology and exposure research for individual EDCs and mixtures and provides new tools for exposure assessment in health studies.