Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A comparative craniofacial view
Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A comparative craniofacial view
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.171305898
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发表时间：
2001-08-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tumen, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brace, CL;Nelson, AR;Tumen, D
人类颅面数据被用来评估最近和史前旧世界样本之间的相似性和差异，以及这些样本和来自新世界的类似样本之间的相似性和差异。通过邻近聚类程序、自助法和典型判别分析评分图对数据进行分析。大约15,000年前，第一批进入西半球的人在美国南部产生了持续的土著居民。加拿大边境。这表明与任何已知的亚洲大陆人口没有密切联系。相反，他们显示出与北海道的阿伊努人和他们在史前日本的绳纹祖先以及遥远的大洋洲的波利尼西亚人的联系。所有这些都与更新世和欧洲最近的居民有联系，可能代表了旧大陆北方边缘的晚更新世连续人群的延伸。这些人的根在西北和东北，可以说是欧亚混血。进入新大陆的路线在西北边缘。相比之下，因纽特人（爱斯基摩人）、阿留申人和在过去1,000年里一直深入到美国西南部的纳-德内人与东亚大陆人口有更多的相似之处。虽然较早和较晚到达新大陆的人都表现出混合了旧大陆占领区北方边缘和亚洲大陆华人核心的特征，但后者的比例在较晚进入的人中更大。
Human craniofacial data were used to assess the similarities and differences between recent and prehistoric old World samples, and between these samples and a similar representation of samples from the New World. The data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining clustering procedure, assisted by bootstrapping and by canonical discriminant analysis score plots. The first entrants to the Western Hemisphere of maybe 15,000 years ago gave rise to the continuing native inhabitants south of the U.S.-Canadian border. These show no close association with any known mainland Asian population. Instead they show ties to the Ainu of Hokkaido and their Jomon predecessors in prehistoric Japan and to the Polynesians of remote Oceania. All of these also have ties to the Pleistocene and recent inhabitants of Europe and may represent an extension from a Late Pleistocene continuum of people across the northern fringe of the Old World. With roots in both the northwest and the northeast, these people can be described as Eurasian. The route of entry to the New World was at the northwestern edge. In contrast, the Inuit (Eskimo), the Aleut, and the Na-Dene speakers who had penetrated as far as the American Southwest within the last 1,000 years show more similarities to the mainland populations of East Asia. Although both the earlier and later arrivals in the New World show a mixture of traits characteristic of the northern edge of Old World occupation and the Chinese core of mainland Asia, the proportion of the latter is greater for the more recent entrants.