Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances Are Important Drinking Water Contaminants in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina
Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances Are Important Drinking Water Contaminants in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00398
复制
发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Knappe, Detlef R. U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Mei;Arevalo, Elisa;Knappe, Detlef R. U.
长链全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质正被短链全氟烷基物质和氟化替代品所取代。对于10种传统的PFAS和7种新发现的全氟烷基醚羧酸(PFECA)，我们报告了(1)它们在开普费雷河(CFR)分水岭中的存在，(2)它们在水处理过程中的去向，以及(3)它们在粉末活性碳(PAC)上的吸附能力。在CFR流域的源头地区，饮用水处理厂(DWTP)的原水中没有检测到全氟辛烷磺酸，但遗留的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度很高。美国环保局对全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的终生健康建议水平(70 ng/L)在127个采样天中有57天超标。在一家全氟辛烷磺酸生产商下游的污水处理厂的原水中，全氟-2-丙氧基丙酸(PFPrOPrA)的平均浓度为631毫微克/L(n=37)。还检测到了其他六种全氟辛烷烃类化合物，其中三种的色谱峰面积是全氟辛烷基吡咯烷酮的15倍。在这个污水处理厂，通过混凝、臭氧、生物过滤和消毒去除PFECA可以忽略不计。PAC对PFASs的吸附能力随着链长的增加而增加。用乙醚氧取代一个CF2基团降低了PFASs对PAC的亲和力，而替换额外的CF2基团不会导致进一步的亲和力变化。
Long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are being replaced by short-chain PFASs and fluorinated alternatives. For ten legacy PFASs and seven recently discovered perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), we report (1) their occurrence in the Cape Fear River (CFR) watershed, (2) their fate in water treatment processes, and (3) their adsorbability on powdered activated carbon (PAC). In the headwater region of the CFR basin, PFECAs were not detected in raw water of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), but concentrations of legacy PFASs were high. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's lifetime health advisory level (70 ng/L) for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was exceeded on 57 of 127 sampling days. In raw water of a DWTP downstream of a PFAS manufacturer, the mean concentration of perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid (PFPrOPrA), a replacement for PFOA, was 631 ng/L (n = 37). Six other PFECAs were detected, with three exhibiting chromatographic peak areas up to 15 times that of PFPrOPrA. At this DWTP, PFECA removal by coagulation, ozonation, biofiltration, and disinfection was negligible. The adsorbability of PFASs on PAC increased with increasing chain length. Replacing one CF2 group with an ether oxygen decreased the affinity of PFASs for PAC, while replacing additional CF2 groups did not lead to further affinity changes.