How well are biodiversity drivers reflected in protected areas? A representativeness assessment of the geohistorical gradients that shaped endemic flora in Japan
How well are biodiversity drivers reflected in protected areas? A representativeness assessment of the geohistorical gradients that shaped endemic flora in Japan
复制标题
生物多样性驱动因素在保护区中的反映情况如何？
DOI：
10.1007/s11284-017-1451-6
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kubota Yasuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kusumoto Buntarou;Shiono Takayuki;Konoshima Masashi;Yoshimoto Atsushi;Tanaka Takayuki;Kubota Yasuhiro
保护区就像一艘救生艇，可以保护生物多样性的起源和维持。我们使用分布数据集和系统发育树为5565日本维管植物物种在日本现有的保护区的生物多样性的代表性进行了评估。我们首先研究了物种分布与现有保护区的重叠，并确定了代表所有植物物种的最小集合。其次，我们评估了环境变量的相对重要性，在解释保护区的空间布局使用随机森林模型。最后，我们阐明了如何在保护区网络中充分捕获植物多样性的潜在驱动因素。虽然保护区捕获了大多数物种，但近一半的最低设定区域是从现有保护区之外选择的。现有保护区的位置主要与地理和社会经济因素有关，而不是与生物多样性的关键特征（包括进化的独特性）有关。此外，关键的生物多样性驱动因素，包括当前气候，古气候稳定性和地理隔离，在现有的保护区内被有偏见地模仿。这些研究结果表明，目前的保护规划未能代表相关的物种分类，扩散限制和异域物种形成的生态和进化过程。特别是，历史上稳定的栖息地，作为进化热点或避难所，以应对气候变化的代表性不足，可能会对日本的地方性生物区系的长期持续性构成威胁。这项研究提供了一个基本的基础，制定优先措施，以保持物种组装过程和就地多样化沿着目前的气候和地质历史梯度。
Protected areas function as a lifeboat that can preserve the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. We assessed the representativeness of biodiversity in existing protected areas in Japan using a distribution dataset and phylogenetic tree for 5565 Japanese vascular plant species. We first examined the overlap of species distribution with the existing protected areas and identified the minimum set representing all plant species. Second, we evaluated the relative importance of environmental variables in explaining the spatial arrangement of protected areas using a random forest model. Finally, we clarified how potential drivers of plant diversity were sufficiently captured within the protected areas network. Although the protected areas captured the majority of species, nearly half of the minimum set areas were selected from outside the existing protected areas. The locations of existing protected areas are mainly associated with geographical and socio-economic factors rather than key biodiversity features (including evolutionary distinctiveness). Moreover, critical biodiversity drivers, which include current climate, paleoclimatic stability, and geographical isolation, were biasedly emulated within the existing protected areas. These findings demonstrate that current conservation planning fails to represent the ecological and evolutionary processes relevant to species sorting, dispersal limitation, and allopatric speciation. In particular, under-representativeness of historically stable habitats that function as evolutionary hotspots or refugia in response to climate changes may pose a threat to the long-term persistence of Japan’s endemic biota. This study provides a fundamental basis for developing prioritization measures to retain species assembly processes and in situ diversification along current climatic and geohistorical gradients.