Distributed Virtual Time-Based Synchronization for Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems

Distributed Virtual Time-Based Synchronization for Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems
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用于信息物理系统仿真的分布式虚拟基于时间的同步

DOI:
10.1145/3446237
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
0.9
通讯作者:
Jin, Dong
Jin, Dong
中科院分区:
计算机科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hannon, Christopher;Yan, Jiaqi;Jin, Dong

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当今世界越来越依赖于数字和物理系统的协调,以确保许多复杂和关键基础设施的成功运营。基于仿真的测试平台是设计这些网络物理系统并评估其效率,安全性和弹性的有用工具。在这篇文章中,我们提出了一个网络物理系统测试平台相结合的分布式物理计算和网络硬件和仿真模型。一个核心组件是分布式虚拟时间系统,它能够在分布式嵌入式Linux设备之间实现虚拟时钟的有效同步。虚拟时钟还通过中断真实的和仿真的网络物理应用以注入离线仿真数据来实现高保真实验。我们设计并实现了两种模式的分布式虚拟时间:用于调度重复事件(如传感器设备测量)的周期性模式和用于按需中断同步的动态模式。我们还分析了这两种方法的性能同步,包括开销,准确性和错误从每种方法引入。通过将嵌入式设备的通用IO引脚互连,它们可以以较低的开销进行协调和同步,在50微秒内完成四个嵌入式Linux设备上的八个进程。最后,我们展示了我们的测试平台的可用性和这两种方法在电网控制应用程序之间的差异。
Our world today increasingly relies on the orchestration of digital and physical systems to ensure the successful operations of many complex and critical infrastructures. Simulation-based testbeds are useful tools for engineering those cyber-physical systems and evaluating their efficiency, security, and resilience. In this article, we present a cyber-physical system testing platform combining distributed physical computing and networking hardware and simulation models. A core component is the distributed virtual time system that enables the efficient synchronization of virtual clocks among distributed embedded Linux devices. Virtual clocks also enable high-fidelity experimentation by interrupting real and emulated cyber-physical applications to inject offline simulation data. We design and implement two modes of the distributed virtual time:periodic modefor scheduling repetitive events like sensor device measurements, anddynamic modefor on-demand interrupt-based synchronization. We also analyze the performance of both approaches to synchronization including overhead, accuracy, and error introduced from each approach. By interconnecting the embedded devices’ general purpose IO pins, they can coordinate and synchronize with low overhead, under 50 microseconds for eight processes across four embedded Linux devices. Finally, we demonstrate the usability of our testbed and the differences between both approaches in a power grid control application.
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