Dartmouth time-sharing. Development of the system by a team of faculty and undergraduates is described.
Dartmouth time-sharing. Development of the system by a team of faculty and undergraduates is described.
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达特茅斯分时。
DOI：
10.1126/science.162.3850.223
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
T. Kurtz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kemeny;T. Kurtz
计算机及其用途的快速增长是过去二十年最重要的科学发展。现在人们普遍认为计算机的计算速度比人类快数百万倍。越来越明显的是，这种数量上的大幅增长实际上给我们处理信息和计算问题的方式带来了质的变化。人们不太了解的是，将给定的晶体管、磁芯和电线集合转换成能够方便地向客户提供服务的“机器”所需的复杂编程工作。简而言之，“软件”在整个计算机系统中的作用还没有被很好地理解。本文的目的是描述一个特定软件系统的开发，即原始的达特茅斯分时系统。大多数读者都会熟悉分时的概念，即为配备类似打字机的终端设备的许多用户提供同时服务的能力。这些用户可能正在键入新程序、从“库”(所有人可用的程序集合)调用程序、提出处理请求或观看键入的结果。无论用户是否需要，都可以使用许多其他形式的服务
The rapid growth of computers and their uses has been the most important scientific development of the last two decades. It is now commonly accepted that computers can carry out calculations millions of times faster than human beings. It is also becoming evident that this large quantitative increase actually brings about a qualitative change in the ways we deal with information and with calculational problems. Not so well understood is the complex programming effort needed to convert a given collection of transistors, magnetic cores, and wires into a" machine" that is capable of providing services conveniently to its clients. In short, the role of" software" in the total computer system is not well understood.The purpose of this article is to describe the development of one particular software system, the original Dartmouth time-sharing system. Most readers will be familiar with the notion of time-sharing, the ability to provide simultaneous service to many users equipped with typewriter-like terminal devices. These users may be typing in new programs, calling programs from a" library"(the collection of programs available to all), presenting requests for processing, or watching results being typed. Many other forms of service are available whether the user