Galaxy-galaxy(-galaxy) lensing as a sensitive probe of galaxy evolution
Galaxy-galaxy(-galaxy) lensing as a sensitive probe of galaxy evolution
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DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/201219358
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发表时间：
2012-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Saghiha;S. Hilbert;P. Schneider;P. Simon
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Saghiha;S. Hilbert;P. Schneider;P. Simon
引力透镜效应为研究星系的质量环境提供了多种途径。我们研究如何星系星系（星系）透镜可以用来测试模型的星系形成和演化。我们考虑了两个基于Millennium Run N体模拟的半解析星系形成模型：Bower et al.（2006）的达勒姆模型和Guo et al.（2011）的Garching模型。我们生成模拟透镜观测的两个模型，然后采用快速傅里叶变换方法来计算二阶和三阶孔径统计在模拟领域的各种星系样本。我们发现，这两种模型预测定性相似的孔径信号，但有很大的定量差异。一般来说，达勒姆模型预测的振幅较大。在这两个模型中，红色星系比蓝色星系表现出更强的孔径信号。使用这些孔径测量，并假设一个线性确定性的偏差模型，我们测量红，蓝星系样本的相对偏差比。我们发现，线性确定性偏差是不足以描述的相对集群模型星系低于10角分角尺度。将星系划分为光度箱，孔径信号随着较亮星系光度的降低而降低，但随着较暗星系光度的降低而再次增加。这种增加很可能是由于模型预测的大质量星系团和星系团晕中有太多暗淡的卫星星系造成的。我们的研究表明，星系-星系（-星系）透镜效应是研究星系演化的灵敏探针。
The gravitational lensing effect provides various ways to study the mass environment of galaxies. We investigate how galaxy-galaxy(-galaxy) lensing can be used to test models of galaxy formation and evolution. We consider two semi-analytic galaxy formation models based on the Millennium Run N-body simulation: the Durham model by Bower et al. (2006) and the Garching model by Guo et al. (2011). We generate mock lensing observations for the two models, and then employ Fast Fourier Transform methods to compute second- and third-order aperture statistics in the simulated fields for various galaxy samples. We find that both models predict qualitatively similar aperture signals, but there are large quantitative differences. The Durham model predicts larger amplitudes in general. In both models, red galaxies exhibit stronger aperture signals than blue galaxies. Using these aperture measurements and assuming a linear deterministic bias model, we measure relative bias ratios of red and blue galaxy samples. We find that a linear deterministic bias is insufficient to describe the relative clustering of model galaxies below ten arcmin angular scales. Dividing galaxies into luminosity bins, the aperture signals decrease with decreasing luminosity for brighter galaxies, but increase again for fainter galaxies. This increase is likely an artifact due to too many faint satellite galaxies in massive group and cluster halos predicted by the models. Our study shows that galaxy-galaxy(-galaxy) lensing is a sensitive probe of galaxy evolution.