Grounding cognitive-level processes in behavior: the view from dynamic systems theory.
Grounding cognitive-level processes in behavior: the view from dynamic systems theory.
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将认知层面的过程扎根于行为：动态系统理论的观点。
DOI：
10.1111/tops.12129
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Spencer,JohnP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samuelson,LarissaK;Jenkins,GavinW;Spencer,JohnP
马尔的开创性工作通过在不同分析层面上明确认知科学的关键问题，制定了一个研究计划。由于动态系统理论 (DST) 关注时间和各组成部分的相互依赖性，因此 DST 研究项目就认知变化的本质得出了截然不同的结论。我们回顾了认知层面过程的一种特定 DST 方法：动态场论（DFT）。我们回顾了将 DFT 应用于多个认知层面过程的研究：对象持久性、命名层次类别和推断意图，这些研究证明了从 DST 角度产生的对行为和认知的理解差异。这些都指向了马尔所定义的认知科学研究的一个核心挑战——涌现。我们认为，对涌现的欣赏提出了关于计算级分析的实用性的问题，并为了解新的行为和思想形式（例如，新的国际象棋策略）的起源打开了大门。我们认为这是有关认知和行为的最基本问题之一。
Marr's seminal work laid out a program of research by specifying key questions for cognitive science at different levels of analysis. Because dynamic systems theory (DST) focuses on time and interdependence of components, DST research programs come to very different conclusions regarding the nature of cognitive change. We review a specific DST approach to cognitive‐level processes: dynamic field theory (DFT). We review research applying DFT to several cognitive‐level processes: object permanence, naming hierarchical categories, and inferring intent, that demonstrate the difference in understanding of behavior and cognition that results from a DST perspective. These point to a central challenge for cognitive science research as defined by Marr—emergence. We argue that appreciating emergence raises questions about the utility of computational‐level analyses and opens the door to insights concerning the origin of novel forms of behavior and thought (e.g., a new chess strategy). We contend this is one of the most fundamental questions about cognition and behavior.