Stability of iron-bearing carbonates in the deep Earth's interior.

Stability of iron-bearing carbonates in the deep Earth's interior.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms15960
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发表时间:
2017-07-19
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Dubrovinsky L
Dubrovinsky L
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cerantola V;Bykova E;Kupenko I;Merlini M;Ismailova L;McCammon C;Bykov M;Chumakov AI;Petitgirard S;Kantor I;Svitlyk V;Jacobs J;Hanfland M;Mezouar M;Prescher C;Rüffer R;Prakapenka VB;Dubrovinsky L

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来自深度超过 670 公里的钻石内含物中存在碳酸盐,是地球下地幔中存在碳酸盐的明显证据。然而,它们的稳定性范围、晶体结构和脱碳过程的热力学条件仍然受到很少的限制。在这里,我们使用单晶 X 射线衍射和穆斯堡尔光谱在激光加热金刚石砧池中研究纯碳酸铁在超过 100 GPa 的压力和超过 2,500 K 的温度下的行为。在约 50 GPa 的压力下加热到地球地温的温度时,FeCO3 部分分解形成各种铁氧化物。在较高压力下,FeCO3 形成两种新结构:四碳酸四铁 (III) Fe43+C3O12 和二铁 (II) 四碳酸二铁 (III) Fe22+Fe23+C4O13,两相均含有 CO4 四面体。 Fe4C4O13 在整个地温至少 2,500 公里深度的条件下都是稳定的,从而证明自氧化还原反应可以保存地球下地幔中的碳酸盐。正如金刚石包裹体中所见,碳酸盐存在于下地幔中,但人们对热力学约束知之甚少。在这里,作者合成了两种新的碳酸铁化合物,并发现自氧化还原反应可以保存地幔中的碳酸盐。
The presence of carbonates in inclusions in diamonds coming from depths exceeding 670 km are obvious evidence that carbonates exist in the Earth’s lower mantle. However, their range of stability, crystal structures and the thermodynamic conditions of the decarbonation processes remain poorly constrained. Here we investigate the behaviour of pure iron carbonate at pressures over 100 GPa and temperatures over 2,500 K using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy in laser-heated diamond anvil cells. On heating to temperatures of the Earth’s geotherm at pressures to ∼50 GPa FeCO3 partially dissociates to form various iron oxides. At higher pressures FeCO3 forms two new structures—tetrairon(III) orthocarbonate Fe43+C3O12, and diiron(II) diiron(III) tetracarbonate Fe22+Fe23+C4O13, both phases containing CO4 tetrahedra. Fe4C4O13 is stable at conditions along the entire geotherm to depths of at least 2,500 km, thus demonstrating that self-oxidation-reduction reactions can preserve carbonates in the Earth’s lower mantle. Carbonates are shown to exist in the lower mantle as seen in diamond inclusions, but thermodynamic constraints are poorly understood. Here, the authors synthesise two new iron carbonate compounds and find that self-oxidation-reduction reactions can preserve carbonates in the mantle.
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