Lipid topogenesis--35years on.
Lipid topogenesis--35years on.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.025
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bütikofer P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chauhan N;Farine L;Pandey K;Menon AK;Bütikofer P
甘油磷脂是细胞膜的主要结构。这些脂质合成的途径主要是通过肯尼迪及其同事在20世纪50年代末和60年代初的工作阐明的。随后，注意力转向脂质的细胞生物学方面：脂质在细胞中的哪里合成？脂质是如何整合到膜中形成双层的？它们是如何分类并从合成地点运输到其他细胞目的地的？这些主题，统称为“脂质拓扑发生”，是贝尔，巴拉斯和科尔曼在1981年的评论文章的主题。我们现在评估已经了解到的脂质拓扑发生的早期事件，即“脂质合成，脂质整合到膜，脂质易位跨膜”，在35年以来，这一重要的审查出版。我们强调最近阐明的X-射线结构的关键膜酶的甘油磷脂合成，在确定脂质scramblase蛋白平衡脂质跨膜，和新的复杂性，在亚细胞位置和膜拓扑结构的磷脂酰肌醇合成揭示通过比较两个单细胞模型真核生物的进展。
Glycerophospholipids are the principal fabric of cellular membranes. The pathways by which these lipids are synthesized were elucidated mainly through the work of Kennedy and colleagues in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Subsequently, attention turned to cell biological aspects of lipids: Where in the cell are lipids synthesized? How are lipids integrated into membranes to form a bilayer? How are they sorted and transported from their site of synthesis to other cellular destinations? These topics, collectively termed ‘lipid topogenesis’, were the subject of a review article in 1981 by Bell, Ballas and Coleman. We now assess what has been learned about early events of lipid topogenesis, i.e. “lipid synthesis, the integration of lipids into membranes, and lipid translocation across membranes”, in the 35 years since the publication of this important review. We highlight the recent elucidation of the X-ray structures of key membrane enzymes of glycerophospholipid synthesis, progress on identifying lipid scramblase proteins needed to equilibrate lipids across membranes, and new complexities in the subcellular location and membrane topology of phosphatidylinositol synthesis revealed through a comparison of two unicellular model eukaryotes.