Sexual violence in armed conflict
Sexual violence in armed conflict
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武装冲突中的性暴力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ragnhild Nordås
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Cohen;Ragnhild Nordås
哪些武装团体在最近的冲突中实施了性暴力？本文介绍了新的武装冲突中性暴力 (SVAC) 数据集的模式。该数据集取自定量人权文献中使用最广泛的三个来源，涵盖 1989 年至 2009 年期间的 129 起活跃冲突以及参与这些冲突的 625 名武装行为者。观察单位是冲突参与者年，可以详细分析每个冲突参与者的性暴力实施模式。该数据集涵盖了性暴力的六个维度：发生率、施暴者、受害者、形式、地点和时间。除了活跃冲突年份之外，该数据集还包括冲突参与者在冲突后五年内实施性暴力的报告。我们使用这些数据来追踪报告的冲突相关性暴力随时间、空间和行为者类型的变化，并概述该数据集对学者的潜在效用。所提供的见解包括，性暴力的发生率因施暴者群体而异，这表明性侵犯很常见，但并非普遍存在。此外，我们发现国家军队比叛乱团体或民兵更有可能被报道为性暴力实施者。最后，有关性暴力的报道一直持续到冲突后时期，有时数量非常高。这些数据可能有助于学者和政策制定者更好地了解性暴力的模式、原因和后果。
Which armed groups have perpetrated sexual violence in recent conflicts? This article presents patterns from the new Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict (SVAC) dataset. The dataset, coded from the three most widely used sources in the quantitative human rights literature, covers 129 active conflicts, and the 625 armed actors involved in these conflicts, during the period 1989–2009. The unit of observation is the conflict-actor-year, allowing for detailed analysis of the patterns of perpetration of sexual violence for each conflict actor. The dataset captures six dimensions of sexual violence: prevalence, perpetrators, victims, forms, location, and timing. In addition to active conflict-years, the dataset also includes reports of sexual violence committed by conflict actors in the five years post-conflict. We use the data to trace variation in reported conflict-related sexual violence over time, space, and actor type, and outline the dataset's potential utility for scholars. Among the insights offered are that the prevalence of sexual violence varies dramatically by perpetrator group, suggesting that sexual violations are common – but not ubiquitous. In addition, we find that state militaries are more likely to be reported as perpetrators of sexual violence than either rebel groups or militias. Finally, reports of sexual violence continue into the post-conflict period, sometimes at very high levels. The data may be helpful both to scholars and policymakers for better understanding the patterns of sexual violence, its causes, and its consequences.