Development Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Development Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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聚合酶链式反应(PCR)的发展应用

DOI:
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发表时间:
2006
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Hongbao Ma
Hongbao Ma
中科院分区:
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作者:
Hongbao Ma

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聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是一种体外技术,用于大量合成特定的DNA分子。它将DNA分离成两条互补链,利用珀尔帖热泵快速加热和冷却DNA,并使用Taq聚合酶进行DNA合成。Taq是一种生活在海洋底部火山硫喷口附近的细菌,那里温度很高。对于逆转录PCR,引物是与DNA分子靶位点结合的短链RNA。DNA聚合酶在DNA复制起始时需要RNA引物。四种dNTP(脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸)(dGTP、dCTP、dATP和dTTP)是DNA分子的“基石”,Taq聚合酶利用dNTP构建新的DNA分子链。实时PCR(RT - PCR),也称为定量RT - PCR(qRT - PCR)或动力学PCR(kPCR),是一种用于同时定量和扩增DNA分子的技术,用于确定样品中是否存在特定的DNA序列(如果存在,确定样品中的拷贝数)。RT - PCR的操作程序遵循常规PCR程序,但在每一轮扩增后对DNA进行定量。两种常见的定量方法是使用能嵌入双链DNA的荧光染料,以及与互补DNA杂交时会发出荧光的修饰DNA寡核苷酸探针。RT - PCR可与逆转录PCR结合,用于在特定时间对特定细胞或组织类型中的信使RNA(mRNA)进行定量。[《美国科学杂志》2005年;1(3):1 - 47]
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique to synthesize large quantities of a given DNA molecule that separates the DNA into two complementary strands, uses a peltier heat pump to quickly heat and cool the DNA and uses the Taq polymerase for the synthesis of DNA. Taq is a bacterium that lives by volcanic sulfer jets at the bottom of the ocean where the temperature is very high. For reverse transcription PCR, primers are short strands of RNA that bind to the target site of DNA molecule. DNA polymerases need to have RNA primers for the beginning of DNA replication. Four dNTPs (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates) (dGTP, dCTP, dATP and dTTP) are bricks of the DNA molecules and the Taq polymerase uses the dNTPs to build the new DNA molecular chains. The real-time PCR (RT-PCR), also called quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) or kinetic PCR (kPCR), is a technique used to simultaneously quantify and amplify a DNA molecule, and it is used to determine whether a specific DNA sequence is present in the sample (if it is present, the number of copies in the sample). The procedure of RT-PCR follows the regular PCR procedure, but the DNA is quantified after each round of amplification. Two common methods of quantification are the use of fluorescent dyes that intercalate with double-strand DNA, and modified DNA oligonucleotide probes that fluoresce when hybridized with a complementary DNA. RT-PCR could be combined with reverse transcription PCR to quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) at a particular time for in a particular cell or tissue type. [The Journal of American Science. 2005;1(3):1-47].
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10756
发表时间: 1997-09
影响因子: 11.1
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期刊: BIOTECHNIQUES
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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.11.6394
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