Impaired Generalization of Speaker Identity in the Perception of Familiar and Unfamiliar Voices
Impaired Generalization of Speaker Identity in the Perception of Familiar and Unfamiliar Voices
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000223
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
McGettigan, Carolyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lavan, Nadine;Scott, Sophie K.;McGettigan, Carolyn
在两个行为实验中，我们探讨了从熟悉和不熟悉的声音中提取身份相关信息如何受到自然发生的声音灵活性和变异性的影响，这些灵活性和变异性是由不同类型的发声和制作过程中的意志控制水平引入的。在第一个实验中，参与者对 5 个不熟悉的说话者的元音、自愿（表演）笑声和自发（真实）笑声进行了说话人辨别任务。我们发现自发笑的表现明显受损，自发笑是在意志控制减弱的情况下产生的发声。我们还发现，身份相关信息的检测无法概括不同类型的非语言发声（例如，笑声与元音）以及发声对内意志控制的不匹配（例如，有意识的笑声与自发的笑声），表现水平表明无法区分说话者。在第二个实验中，我们探讨了个人对说话者的熟悉程度是否能够提供更高的准确性和更好的身份感知概括性。使用新的刺激，我们在很大程度上复制了我们之前的发现：虽然熟悉度为说话者辨别提供了一致的性能优势，但实验操作对熟悉和不熟悉的听众群体的性能造成了类似程度的损害。我们参考基于原型的语音处理模型讨论我们的发现，并提出熟悉和不熟悉的语音感知的潜在潜在机制和表示。
In 2 behavioral experiments, we explored how the extraction of identity-related information from familiar and unfamiliar voices is affected by naturally occurring vocal flexibility and variability, introduced by different types of vocalizations and levels of volitional control during production. In a first experiment, participants performed a speaker discrimination task on vowels, volitional (acted) laughter, and spontaneous (authentic) laughter from 5 unfamiliar speakers. We found that performance was significantly impaired for spontaneous laughter, a vocalization produced under reduced volitional control. We additionally found that the detection of identity-related information fails to generalize across different types of nonverbal vocalizations (e.g., laughter vs. vowels) and across mismatches in volitional control within vocalization pairs (e.g., volitional laughter vs. spontaneous laughter), with performance levels indicating an inability to discriminate between speakers. In a second experiment, we explored whether personal familiarity with the speakers would afford greater accuracy and better generalization of identity perception. Using new stimuli, we largely replicated our previous findings: whereas familiarity afforded a consistent performance advantage for speaker discriminations, the experimental manipulations impaired performance to similar extents for familiar and unfamiliar listener groups. We discuss our findings with reference to prototype-based models of voice processing and suggest potential underlying mechanisms and representations of familiar and unfamiliar voice perception.