Seedling Establishment from One- and Two-Seeded Fruits of Cryptantha flava: A Test of Parent-Offspring Conflict
Seedling Establishment from One- and Two-Seeded Fruits of Cryptantha flava: A Test of Parent-Offspring Conflict
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黄花一粒和二粒种子的幼苗建立：亲子冲突的检验
DOI：
10.1086/285090
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Casper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Casper
本研究使用的相对性能的一个和两个种子的果实的半荒漠多年生Cryptantha黄评估早期的假设，即亲本植物和它的后代冲突的最佳种子数每果（育雏大小）。在这个假设下，父母应该赞成大的育雏大小，以增加后代的数量和减少每粒种子所需的果皮的量，而每个后代应该赞成增加自己的质量在牺牲其他育雏成员。C.黄果，像大多数多胚珠，不裂的果实，通常成熟一个单一的种子，但少数成熟超过一个。这种种子生产模式被视为后代赢得冲突的证据。目前的研究表明，在C.黄籽，一种种子（小坚果），最初的好处是它是果实中唯一的一种。从种子的一个种子的果实比从两个种子的果实较小的种子，但两个种子的果实更容易产生至少一个幼苗。根据这些数据，父母和后代有不同的最佳育雏大小。然而，从出现和生存的乘法效应所产生的后代的数量并没有不同的两种水果类型。在两个站点之一，较高的死亡率发生在成对生长的个体之间比单个个体之间。除了兄弟姐妹竞争的可能性之外，还有几个原因可以解释为什么父母也会倾向于承担大多数单种子。是否存在一个权衡育雏大小和每株植物的果实数量之间必须确定之前，父母后代冲突的可能性可以充分评估。
This study uses the relative performance of one- and two-seeded fruits of the semidesert perennial Cryptantha flava to evaluate an earlier hypothesis that the parent plant and its offspring conflict over optimal seed number per fruit (brood size). Under this hypothesis, parents should favor large brood sizes in order to increase offspring number and reduce the amount of pericarp required per seed, whereas each offspring should favor increasing its own mass at the expense of other brood members. The fruits of C. flava, like most multiovulate, indehiscent fruits, commonly mature a single seed, but a few mature more than one. This pattern of seed production has been viewed as evidence that the offspring have won the conflict. The current study shows that in C. flava, a seed (nutlet) initially benefits by being the only one in the fruit. Emergence was greater from seeds of one-seeded fruits than from the smaller seeds of two-seeded fruits, but two-seeded fruits were more likely to yield at least one seedling. On the basis of these data, the parent and offspring have different optimal brood sizes. However, the number of offspring resulting from the multiplicative effects of emergence and survival did not differ for the two fruit types. At one of two sites, higher mortality occurred among individuals growing in pairs than among single individuals. Several reasons are presented, in addition to the possibility of sibling competition, for why the parent could also favor bearing mostly single seeds. Whether a trade-off exists between brood size and number of fruits per plant must be determined before the potential for parent-offspring conflict can be fully evaluated.