Procyanidins and their healthy protective effects against type 2 diabetes.
Procyanidins and their healthy protective effects against type 2 diabetes.
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DOI：
10.2174/0929867321666140916115519
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
N. Gonzalez-Abuin;Montserrat Pinent;À. Casanova-Martí;L. Arola;M. Blay;A. Ardévol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Gonzalez-Abuin;Montserrat Pinent;À. Casanova-Martí;L. Arola;M. Blay;A. Ardévol
本文综述了黄酮类化合物的主要成分原花青素在2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗中的作用。我们汇编了原花青素在几种动物模型中的作用，并评估了它们对靶组织的影响，并分析了所涉及的机制。在果糖或高脂肪诱导的胰岛素抵抗模型中，原花青素治疗被发现可以改善饮食诱导的损伤，从而改善胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感性。在晚期T2 DM模型中也报告了相同的积极作用，其中胰腺β细胞不再能抵消高血糖症。在遗传性肥胖或自助餐饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗模型中发现了更多有争议的结果。人体研究虽然有限，但进一步支持原花青素的降血糖作用。关于它们的机制，原花青素已被发现靶向参与葡萄糖稳态的几个组织，这也是在本综述中讨论。在胰岛素敏感组织中，原花青素调节葡萄糖摄取和脂肪生成，并改善其氧化/炎症状态，其破坏在T2 DM发展中很重要。在产生胰岛素的组织（胰腺）中，原花青素调节胰岛素的分泌和产生以及β细胞群，尽管现有结果存在分歧。最后，肠道是原花青素的另一个潜在靶点。现有数据表明，活性胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）水平的调节可以部分解释这些天然化合物的抗高血糖作用。
This review focuses on the role of procyanidins, the main group of flavonoids, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. We compile the role of procyanidins on several animal models, and we evaluate their effects on target tissues and analyze the mechanisms involved. Procyanidin treatments in fructose or high-fat induced insulin resistant models were found to improve the damage induced by the diet, thus improving glycemia and insulin sensitivity. The same positive effects were also reported in models of late stage T2DM, in which pancreatic β-cells can no longer counteract hyperglycemia. More controversial results were found in genetically obese or cafeteria diet-induced insulin resistant models. Human studies, although limited, further support the hypoglycemic effect of procyanidins. Regarding their mechanisms, procyanidins have been found to target several tissues involved in glucose homeostasis, which is also discussed in the present review. In insulin-sensitive tissues, procyanidins modulate glucose uptake and lipogenesis and improve their oxidative/inflammatory state, the disruption of which is important in T2DM development. In the insulin-producing tissue, the pancreas, procyanidins modulate insulin secretion and production and β-cell mass, although the available results are divergent. Finally, the gut is another potential target for procyanidins. The available data suggest that modulation of the active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels could partially explain the reported antihyperglycemic effect of these natural compounds.