Opportunities for Transdisciplinary Science to Mitigate Biosecurity Risks From the Intersectionality of Illegal Wildlife Trade With Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens
Opportunities for Transdisciplinary Science to Mitigate Biosecurity Risks From the Intersectionality of Illegal Wildlife Trade With Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens
复制标题
跨学科科学的机会，以减轻生物安全风险，从交叉的非法野生动物贸易与新兴的人畜共患病病原体
DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2021.604929
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发表时间：
2021-02-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Shelley, Louise, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aguirre, A. Alonso;Gore, Meredith L.;Shelley, Louise, I
公共卫生从业者、兽医和生态学家之间的现有合作在其监测、生物安全和安保（SB&S）工作中没有充分考虑非法野生动物贸易，尽管这些威胁对健康和生物多样性的风险很大。我们强调了多个案例，以说明在理解非法野生动物贸易和人畜共患病传播的交叉性方面存在的差距所带来的风险。我们主张更多的综合科学，以支持决策使用一个健康的方法。将跨学科科学应用于可持续野生动植物贸易政策和规划的机会比比皆是，例如将对健康、环境和社会状况的实地监测与对非法野生动植物贸易的运作和空间动态的理解相结合。我们倡导（1）与不同的当地合作伙伴合作，建立监测样本管理系统，以提高诊断效率，帮助建立新的或连接现有的监测网络，疫情分析和风险缓解战略;（2）新颖的分析工具和决策支持模型，可以通过解决监测，检测，预防，阻断和补救来加强自我指导的当地生计;（3）加强促进SB&S联合努力的能力，以鼓励改善人类和动物健康，及时报告，发现新出现的疾病和应对疫情;（4）加强对非法野生动植物贸易和供应链的监测，这些贸易和供应链发生在不同的背景下。通过整合更多样化的科学学科及其各自的科学家与土著人民和当地社区的洞察力和风险评估数据，我们可以帮助促进更可持续和公平的野生动物贸易。
Existing collaborations among public health practitioners, veterinarians, and ecologists do not sufficiently consider illegal wildlife trade in their surveillance, biosafety, and security (SB&S) efforts even though the risks to health and biodiversity from these threats are significant. We highlight multiple cases to illustrate the risks posed by existing gaps in understanding the intersectionality of the illegal wildlife trade and zoonotic disease transmission. We argue for more integrative science in support of decision-making using the One Health approach. Opportunities abound to apply transdisciplinary science to sustainable wildlife trade policy and programming, such as combining on-the-ground monitoring of health, environmental, and social conditions with an understanding of the operational and spatial dynamics of illicit wildlife trade. We advocate for (1) a surveillance sample management system for enhanced diagnostic efficiency in collaboration with diverse and local partners that can help establish new or link existing surveillance networks, outbreak analysis, and risk mitigation strategies; (2) novel analytical tools and decision support models that can enhance self-directed local livelihoods by addressing monitoring, detection, prevention, interdiction, and remediation; (3) enhanced capacity to promote joint SB&S efforts that can encourage improved human and animal health, timely reporting, emerging disease detection, and outbreak response; and, (4) enhanced monitoring of illicit wildlife trade and supply chains across the heterogeneous context within which they occur. By integrating more diverse scientific disciplines, and their respective scientists with indigenous people and local community insight and risk assessment data, we can help promote a more sustainable and equitable wildlife trade.