A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins
A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins
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DOI：
10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Garen, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marks, D;Domingo, J;Garen, D
在美国西部、加拿大和世界其他类似地区的山区，融雪是土壤水分、地下水补给和河流流动的主要来源。在可变或变化的气候条件下，要成功地管理水和资源，就需要有关融冰的时间、规模和影响区域的信息。利用能量和物质平衡耦合模式ISNOBAL模拟了美国加利福尼亚州、爱达荷州和犹他州几个山区盆地季节性积雪的发展和融化过程。模拟的范围从1公里到2500公里(2)不等，模拟周期从最小的盆地（加利福尼亚州的翡翠湖流域）的几天到犹他州帕克城地区的多个雪季不等。该模型由经过地形校正的辐射、温度、湿度、风和降水估计驱动。所有流域的模拟结果与独立测量的雪水当量、雪深或在积雪发展和枯竭期间的径流密切匹配。积雪和融雪的空间分布估算使我们能够更好地了解美国西部山区盆地地形结构、气候和水分有效性之间的相互作用。像这样的地形分布模型的应用将改善水资源和流域管理。版权所有(C) 1999约翰威利父子有限公司
Snowmelt is the principal source for soil moisture, ground-water re-charge, and stream-flow in mountainous regions of the western US, Canada, and other similar regions of the world. Information on the timing, magnitude, and contributing area of melt under variable or changing climate conditions is required for successful water and resource management. A coupled energy and mass-balance model ISNOBAL is used to simulate the development and melting of the seasonal snowcover in several mountain basins in California, Idaho, and Utah. Simulations are done over basins varying from 1 to 2500 km(2), with simulation periods varying from a few days for the smallest basin, Emerald Lake watershed in California, to multiple snow seasons for the Park City area in Utah. The model is driven by topographically corrected estimates of radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation. Simulation results in all basins closely match independently measured snow water equivalent, snow depth, or runoff during both the development and depletion of the snowcover. Spatially distributed estimates of snow deposition and melt allow us to better understand the interaction between topographic structure, climate, and moisture availability in mountain basins of the western US. Application of topographically distributed models such as this will lead to improved water resource and watershed management. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.