The conversational partner's perspective affects spatial memory and descriptions
The conversational partner's perspective affects spatial memory and descriptions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2012.10.001
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Avraamides, Marios N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galati, Alexia;Michael, Christina;Avraamides, Marios N.
我们研究了人们是否自发地代表合作伙伴的观点在空间记忆时，它是预先可用的，他们是否适应他们的自发描述。在18组中，导演们在以下情况下研究对象数组：（1）不知道必须向匹配器描述数组，（2）知道随后的描述，（3）知道匹配器随后的视角，偏移90度，135度或180度。在之前的记忆测试中，当在研究过程中知道匹配者的观点时，导演代表了匹配者的观点，需要更长的时间来想象定向到与之一致的视角，并将他们的数组图纸旋转到它。相反，当导演不知道他们的匹配者的观点时，他们以自我为中心编码数组，更快地想象定向到与他们自己一致的视角，并从与他们自己一致的视角做出反应。导演们灵活地调整了他们的描述，当偏离90度时，更频繁地使用以伙伴为中心的空间表达，当偏离135度时，更频繁地使用以自我为中心的空间表达。事先了解他们的不一致有助于合作伙伴认识到什么时候描述对主任来说最困难（135度），并相互同意使用他们的观点。因此，在协作任务中，人们不仅依赖于他们的空间记忆，而且还使用其他相关的感知信息（例如，他们与合作伙伴的不一致），以评估对每个合作伙伴的计算需求，并选择最大限度地提高沟通效率的策略。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
We examined whether people spontaneously represent the partner's viewpoint in spatial memory when it is available in advance and whether they adapt their spontaneous descriptions accordingly. In 18 pairs, Directors studied arrays of objects while: (1) not knowing about having to describe the array to a Matcher, (2) knowing about the subsequent description, and (3) knowing the Matcher's subsequent viewpoint, which was offset by 90 degrees, 135 degrees, or 180 degrees. In memory tests preceding descriptions, Directors represented the Matcher's viewpoint when it was known during study, taking longer to imagine orienting to perspectives aligned with it and rotating their drawings of arrays toward it. Conversely, when Directors didn't know their Matcher's viewpoint, they encoded arrays egocentrically, being faster to imagine orienting to and to respond from perspectives aligned with their own. Directors adapted their descriptions flexibly, using partner-centered spatial expressions more frequently when misaligned by 90 degrees and egocentric ones when misaligned by 135 degrees. Knowing their misalignment in advance helped partners recognize when descriptions would be most difficult for Directors (at 135 degrees) and to mutually agree on using their perspective. Thus, in collaborative tasks, people don't rely exclusively on their spatial memory but also use other pertinent perceptual information (e.g., their misalignment from their partner) to assess the computational demands on each partner and select strategies that maximize the efficiency of communication. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.