Neural mechanisms of impaired fear inhibition in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Neural mechanisms of impaired fear inhibition in posttraumatic stress disorder.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00044
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Norrholm SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jovanovic T;Norrholm SD
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）可以在一些暴露于导致极端恐惧，恐怖或无助（阿帕）的事件的个体中发展。创伤后应激障碍是一种复杂的异质性疾病，通常与抑郁症、物质滥用和焦虑症（如恐慌或社交恐惧症）共病。鉴于这种复杂性，通过关注与该疾病的神经生物学更接近的表型，可以大大提高该领域的进展。这种神经生物学中间表型可以提供调查工具，以增加我们对疾病根源的理解，并制定更好的预防或干预计划。在本文中，我们认为，恐惧反应的抑制是一个中间表型，这是相关的神经回路与疾病，并与其临床症状。专注于恐惧抑制的一个优势是，恐惧的神经生物学已经在动物模型中得到了很好的研究，为理解变化提供了必要的基础。此外，由于许多范式可以跨物种测试，恐惧抑制是一个理想的翻译工具。在这里，我们回顾了行为测试和措施的恐惧抑制和相关的神经回路的神经影像学研究与健康和临床样本。
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop in some individuals who are exposed to an event that causes extreme fear, horror, or helplessness (APA,). PTSD is a complex and heterogeneous disorder, which is often co-morbid with depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders such as panic or social phobia. Given this complexity, progress in the field can be greatly enhanced by focusing on phenotypes that are more proximal to the neurobiology of the disorder. Such neurobiological intermediate phenotypes can provide investigative tools to increase our understanding of the roots of the disorder and develop better prevention or intervention programs. In the present paper, we argue that the inhibition of fear responses is an intermediate phenotype that is related to both the neurocircuitry associated with the disorder, and is linked to its clinical symptoms. An advantage of focusing on fear inhibition is that the neurobiology of fear has been well investigated in animal models providing the necessary groundwork in understanding alterations. Furthermore, because many paradigms can be tested across species, fear inhibition is an ideal translational tool. Here we review both the behavioral tests and measures of fear inhibition and the related neurocircuitry in neuroimaging studies with both healthy and clinical samples.