Technology and Restructuring the Social Field of Dairy Farming: Hybrid Capitals, 'Stockmanship' and Automatic Milking Systems
Technology and Restructuring the Social Field of Dairy Farming: Hybrid Capitals, 'Stockmanship' and Automatic Milking Systems
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DOI：
10.1111/soru.12103
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Holloway, Lewis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler, Deborah;Holloway, Lewis
以自动挤奶系统（AMS）为例，我们使用布迪厄的工作来说明技术如何被视为重组奶牛养殖实践，成为一个奶农是什么，以及更广泛的奶牛养殖领域。本文以这种方式接近技术，并借鉴皮埃尔·布迪厄的“思维工具”，即场、资本和习性，批判性地考察了布迪厄思想与技术研究的相关性。我们扩展了布迪厄的资本类型，定义了我们所谓的“混合”资本，涉及人-牛-技术集体。这个概念表达了新技术如何改变奶牛领域内的权力关系，影响人与动物的关系，改变家畜的习性。混合资本是通过饲养员、奶牛和技术的共同投资产生的，如果投资于提高奶牛养殖效率，改变农民的社会地位和工作与生活的平衡，那么在快速重组的奶业领域，混合资本可以在经济和文化上具有价值。这篇文章展示了AMS和这种新兴的混合资本是如何与新的但有争议的定义联系在一起的，什么是“好的”奶牛养殖实践，以及在更广泛的奶牛养殖领域中，奶农习惯的新模式的出现。
Using Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) as an example we use the work of Bourdieu to illustrate how technology can be seen as restructuring dairy farming practices, what it is to be a dairy farmer, and the wider field of dairy farming. Approaching technology in this way and drawing upon the 'thinking tools' of Pierre Bourdieu, namely field, capital and habitus, the article critically examines the relevance of Bourdieu's thought to the study of technology. We expand on Bourdieu's types of capital to define what we have called 'hybrid' capital involving human-cow-technology collectives. The concept expresses how new technology can shift power relations within the dairy field, affecting human-animal relations and changing the stock person' habitus. Hybrid capital is produced through a co-investment of stock-keepers, cows and technologies, and can become economically and culturally valuable within a rapidly restructuring dairying field when invested in making dairy farming more efficient changing farmers' social status and work-life balance. The article shows how AMS and this emergent hybrid capital is associated with new but contested definitions of what counts as 'good' dairy farming practice, and with the emergence of new modes of dairy farmer habitus, within a wider dairy farming field.