Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Fluorescent, Photoacoustic, and Thermal Theranostics in Living Mice
Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Fluorescent, Photoacoustic, and Thermal Theranostics in Living Mice
复制标题
用于活体小鼠荧光、光声和热治疗诊断的红光碳点
DOI：
10.1002/adma.201500323
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发表时间：
2015-07-22
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Wang, Pengfei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ge, Jiechao;Jia, Qingyan;Wang, Pengfei
DOI: 10.1002 / adma。201500323生物发光、FL、光学或PA成像由于其对疾病破坏的时空选择性和特异性而受到积极的研究考虑到皮肤、组织、血液和水在透明窗口（650-950 nm）中相对较低的吸收/散射，近红外（NIR）光触发PA和热疗法在癌症治疗中越来越必要，这不仅是因为它们具有PA成像的能力，还因为它们能够使用近红外吸光剂从光能中产生热量，从而导致癌细胞的热消融因此，近红外光引发的PA和热疗法，包括几种金纳米结构，[13]碳纳米结构，[14]和其他金属化合物纳米结构，[15]在体内癌症治疗中显示出疗效。近年来，荧光碳点（C-dots）作为一种重要的纳米材料，因其高水溶性、表面修饰柔韧性、低毒性、优异的生物相容性和光稳定性等特性而受到广泛关注迄今为止，广泛的合成方法，包括自顶向下和自底向上的方法，已经被用于生产c点。自上而下的方法主要是基于从大的石墨烯片上断裂的纳米石墨烯的后处理自下而上的方法包括合成含有一定数量共轭碳原子的石墨烯部分，或者用分子前体形成c点的溶液化学方法然而，从目前的合成方法来看，C-dots的应用主要受到以下限制：(1)除了少数例外，[18d]大多数报道的C-dots在可见光区域吸收/发射；(2)以往的研究主要集中在C-dots的荧光应用上，但其潜在的PA成像应用尚未得到特别的考虑；(3) C-dots作为荧光剂与氯6、阿霉素、奥沙利铂等抗癌药物联合使用，但很少有研究关注其内在的治疗应用。因此，开发一种有效的方法来生产红发射C-dots作为PA和热疗法用于癌症的诊断和治疗，可能为C-dots在生物医学上的应用开辟新的途径。一种非常有前途的碳材料合成方法是基于使用定义明确的分子前体最近，我们通过设计前体分子聚噻吩衍生物（PT2）作为碳源，制备了石墨烯量子点PDT剂，其产量前所未有在我们的发现的鼓舞下，在本研究中，我们用另一种共轭聚合物聚噻吩苯基丙酸（PPA）作为前体制备了新型C-dots。制备的c点在近红外波段（400 ~ 800 nm）有较宽的吸收带，并有红光发射
DOI: 10.1002/adma. 201500323 bioluminescence, FL, optical, or PA imaging have been actively pursued owing to their spatiotemporal selectivity and specificity for disease destruction.[11] Given the relatively low absorption/scattering of skin, tissue, blood, and water in the transparency window (650–950 nm), near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered PA and thermal theranostics have been increasingly necessary in cancer treatment, not only because of their capabilities for PA imaging but also due to their ability to use NIR light-absorbing agents to generate heat from optical energy, leading to the thermal ablation of cancer cells.[12] Consequently, NIR lighttriggered PA and thermal theranostics, including several gold nanostructures,[13] carbon nanomaterials,[14] and other metal compound nanostructures,[15] have shown efficacy in in vivo cancer treatment.Fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) have recently emerged as important nanomaterials and have received much attention for their unique properties, such as high water solubility, surface modification flexibility, low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and high photostability.[16] To date, a wide range of synthetic approaches, including top-down and bottom-up methods, have been pursued to produce C-dots. The top-down methods are primarily based on the post-treatment of nanographene broken off from large graphene sheets.[17] The bottom-up method involves the synthesis of graphene moieties containing a certain number of conjugated carbon atoms or solution chemistry methods in which the C-dots are formed from molecular precursors.[18] However, the application of C-dots from the current synthesis methods are primarily subject to the following limitations:(1) with only a few exceptions,[18d] most of the reported C-dots absorb/emit in the visible region;(2) previous studies on C-dots have focused on their fluorescent applications,[19] but their potential PA imaging applications have not been particularly considered; and (3) in combination with anticancer drugs such as chlorine 6, doxorubicin, and oxaliplatin, C-dots have been used as fluorescent agents,[20] few studies have focused on their intrinsic theranostic applications. Therefore, the development of an effective method to produce red emissive C-dots as PA and thermal theranostics for cancer diagnosis and treatment may open a new path for the biomedical uses of C-dots. A highly promising approach for the synthesis of carbon materials is based on the use of well-defined molecular precursors.[21] Very recently, we have prepared graphene quantum dot PDT agent with unprecedented 1O 2 production by designing precursor molecules, polythiophene derivatives (PT2), as the carbon source.[22] Encouraged by our findings, in this study, we prepared novel C-dots using another conjugated polymer, polythiophene phenylpropionic acid (PPA), as the precursor. The as-prepared C-dots showed a broad absorption band in the visible to NIR region (400 to 800 nm) with red emission