Design, Development, and Characterization of a Flow Control Device for Dynamic Cooling of Liquid-Cooled Servers
Design, Development, and Characterization of a Flow Control Device for Dynamic Cooling of Liquid-Cooled Servers
复制标题
用于液冷服务器动态冷却的流量控制装置的设计、开发和表征
DOI：
10.1115/1.4052324
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Agonafer, Dereje
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shahi, Pardeep;Deshmukh, Apruv Pravin;Hurnekar, Hardik Yashwant;Saini, Satyam;Bansode, Pratik;Kasukurthy, Rajesh;Agonafer, Dereje
直到最近，晶体管密度趋势一直遵循摩尔定律，每一代都加倍，从而导致功率密度增加。通过使用多核处理器实现了摩尔定律崩溃带来的计算性能提升，导致不均匀的功率分布和局部高温，使热管理更具挑战性。基于冷板的液体冷却已被证明是克服这些热管理问题的最有效的技术之一。传统的液体冷却数据中心部署为服务器提供恒定的流量，而不管工作负载如何，导致冷却剂泵送功率的过度消耗。因此，可以进一步提高数据中心中液体冷却的实施效率。本研究提出了使用主动流量控制设备来调节服务器级的冷却剂流速的动态冷却的实施。该设备可以通过基于服务器利用率控制流量来帮助泵送功率节省。流量控制装置设计包含一个V形截止球阀，该球阀连接到用于改变装置阀门角度的微型伺服电机。根据预定的旋转角度，改变阀门位置以通过手动致动改变通过阀门的流速。通过使用计算流体动力学和实验两者改变阀位置来量化跨装置的流速和压降，来表征装置操作。所提出的流量控制装置能够在不同的阀位置在0.09 lpm和4 lpm之间改变流速。
Transistor density trends till recently have been following Moore's law, doubling every generation resulting in increased power density. The computational performance gains with the breakdown of Moore's law were achieved by using multicore processors, leading to nonuniform power distribution and localized high temperatures making thermal management even more challenging. Cold plate-based liquid cooling has proven to be one of the most efficient technologies in overcoming these thermal management issues. Traditional liquid-cooled data center deployments provide a constant flow rate to servers irrespective of the workload, leading to excessive consumption of coolant pumping power. Therefore, a further enhancement in the efficiency of implementation of liquid cooling in data centers is possible. The present investigation proposes the implementation of dynamic cooling using an active flow control device to regulate the coolant flow rates at the server level. This device can aid in pumping power savings by controlling the flow rates based on server utilization. The flow control device design contains a V-cut ball valve connected to a microservo motor used for varying the device valve angle. The valve position was varied to change the flow rate through the valve by servomotor actuation based on predecided rotational angles. The device operation was characterized by quantifying the flow rates and pressure drop across the device by changing the valve position using both computational fluid dynamics and experiments. The proposed flow control device was able to vary the flow rate between 0.09 lpm and 4 lpm at different valve positions.