Risk factors for depression in adolescence.
Risk factors for depression in adolescence.
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wells Ve;Eva Y. Deykin;Gerald L. Klerman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wells Ve;Eva Y. Deykin;Gerald L. Klerman
由于青少年自杀率上升，最近对抑郁症的公共卫生关注有所增加，该年龄段的抑郁症发病率可能随之上升。这种上升似乎既是一种时期效应，即现在各个年龄段的比率都有所上升，也是一种群体效应，即 1960 年以后出生的人也促进了这一增长。对青春期抑郁症的临床现象和流行病学进行了综述。抑郁情绪和抑郁综合征的诊断标准与成人相似。然而，青春期抑郁发作的预测价值，以及青春期抑郁的发生是否是一种短暂的发展经历，或者它是否预测未来抑郁的特定亚型，目前尚不清楚。回顾了青少年抑郁症的家庭、社会和个人危险因素，主要因素是：父母情感疾病史、童年失去父母的经历和女性。其他因素，如出生顺序和兄弟姐妹因素、社会经济地位、种族、宗教、地理、伴随疾病、智力、职业抱负、药物滥用和生活事件，也得到了审查，尽管它们作为风险因素的相对贡献不太明确。建议需要进行横断面、回顾性和纵向研究来澄清重要的不确定性领域。
Public health concern regarding depression has recently increased as a result of the rise in the rate of adolescent suicide, with a probable concomitant rise in the rate of depression in this age group. The rise appears to be both a period effect, in that increased rates are now observed across age categories, and a cohort effect, in that being born after 1960 also contributes to the increase. The clinical phenomena and epidemiology of depression in adolescence are reviewed. Diagnostic criteria for depressive mood and depressive syndrome are similar to those in adults. However, the predictive value of a depressive episode in adolescence, and whether the occurrence of depression in adolescence is a transient developmental experience or whether it predicts a particular subtype of future depression, are at present unknown. The familial, social and personal risk factors for adolescent depression are reviewed, The major factors are: parental history of affective illness, childhood experience of parental loss, and female gender. Other factors, such as birth order and sibling factors, socio-economic status, race, religion, geography, concomitant medical illness, intelligence, career aspirations, substance abuse and life events, are reviewed, although their relative contributions as risk factors are less clear-cut. It is proposed that cross-sectional, retrospective and longitudinal studies are required to clarify important areas of uncertainty.