Gender differences in chronic medical, psychiatric, and substance-dependence disorders among jail inmates.
Gender differences in chronic medical, psychiatric, and substance-dependence disorders among jail inmates.
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2008.149591
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Elmore JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Binswanger IA;Merrill JO;Krueger PM;White MC;Booth RE;Elmore JG
我们调查了监狱囚犯在慢性医疗、精神和物质依赖障碍方面是否存在性别差异，以及物质依赖是否中介了任何发现的性别差异。我们分析了对6982名美国监狱囚犯进行的具有全国代表性的调查数据。疾病患病率的加权估计按性别计算，包括慢性内科疾病(癌症、高血压、糖尿病、关节炎、哮喘、肝炎和肝硬变)、精神疾病(抑郁、躁郁症、精神病、创伤后应激、焦虑和个性)和物质依赖障碍。我们进行了Logistic回归分析，以检验性别与这些障碍的关系。与男性相比，女性在所有医疗和精神疾病(P&≤.01)和药物依赖(P<；.001)方面的患病率显著高于男性，但女性酒精依赖的患病率较低(P<；.001)。在对社会人口因素和物质依赖进行调整后，性别差异仍然存在。与男性相比，监狱中的女性在慢性医疗疾病、精神障碍和药物依赖方面的负担更重，包括在普通人群中男性更常见的疾病。因此，需要有针对性地关注处于监禁风险的妇女的长期医疗、精神和药物治疗需求，无论是在监狱中还是在获释后。
We investigated whether there were gender differences in chronic medical, psychiatric, and substance-dependence disorders among jail inmates and whether substance dependence mediated any gender differences found. We analyzed data from a nationally representative survey of 6982 US jail inmates. Weighted estimates of disease prevalence were calculated by gender for chronic medical disorders (cancer, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, hepatitis, and cirrhosis), psychiatric disorders (depressive, bipolar, psychotic, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and personality), and substance-dependence disorders. We conducted logistic regression to examine the relationship between gender and these disorders. Compared with men, women had a significantly higher prevalence of all medical and psychiatric conditions (P≤.01 for each) and drug dependence (P<.001), but women had a lower prevalence of alcohol dependence (P<.001). Gender differences persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and substance dependence. Women in jail had a higher burden of chronic medical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and drug dependence than men, including conditions found more commonly in men in the general population. Thus, there is a need for targeted attention to the chronic medical, psychiatric, and drug-treatment needs of women at risk for incarceration, both in jail and after release.