The allometry of oysters: spatial and temporal variation in the length–biomass relationships for Crassostrea virginica
The allometry of oysters: spatial and temporal variation in the length–biomass relationships for Crassostrea virginica
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牡蛎的异速生长：维吉尼亚牡蛎长度与生物量关系的空间和时间变化
DOI：
10.1017/s0025315415000703
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
David Bushek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Powell;R. Mann;K. Ashton;Yungkul Kim;David Bushek
我们通过使用四个数据集：特拉华湾、切萨皮克湾、加尔维斯顿湾和来自 NOAA 贻贝观察计划的区域广泛汇编，重点关注异速生长方程 B = aLb 中的标度指数 b，研究了东部牡蛎 Crassostrea virginica 中生物量 B 和长度 L 的关系。特拉华湾和切萨皮克湾的标度指数平均值约为 2。加尔维斯顿湾的该值明显更高，接近 2.6。在所有贻贝观察地点，该值再次接近 2。在特拉华湾内，盐度梯度发挥着重要作用。在盐度较低的情况下，贝壳的肉重量相对较长。 Mussel Watch 数据揭示的标度指数范围非常大（b < 1 到 > 3）。双壳类动物的标度指数低于 2.5 是不常见的。在双壳类中，只有其他牡蛎类群的标度指数相对较低，平均接近 2。我们认为，牡蛎生物量的标度通常更接近长度的平方而不是立方体，这是面对高埋藏退化率时，为了维持珊瑚礁和增生而产生的碳酸盐的迫切性所施加的限制。作为造礁者的适应需要形成快速分解的碳酸盐，因此需要最大限度地产生碳酸盐。生物量与长度的比例指数为 2，提供了一种相对于生物量最大化贝壳产量的机制，同时为牡蛎卵的最重要的沉降提供最大的表面积以维持种群。
We examine the relationship of biomass B and length L in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica by focusing on the scaling exponent b in the allometric equation B = aLb using four datasets: Delaware Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay and a regionally extensive compilation from the NOAA Mussel Watch Program. The average value of the scaling exponent in Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay is about 2. For Galveston Bay, the value is distinctly higher, near 2.6. Over all Mussel Watch sites, the value is again near 2. Within Delaware Bay, the salinity gradient exerts an important effect. Shells are longer for their meat weight at lower salinities. The range of scaling exponents revealed by Mussel Watch data is exceedingly large (b < 1 to >3). Scaling exponents below 2.5 are unusual in bivalves. Among bivalves, only other oyster taxa have comparably low scaling exponents averaging near 2. We propose that oyster biomass routinely scales nearer the square of the length rather than the cube and that this is a constraint imposed by the exigency of carbonate production for reef maintenance and accretion in the face of high rates of taphonomic degradation. The adaptation as a reef builder requires the formation of carbonate that rapidly breaks down, thus requiring that carbonate produced be maximized. A biomass-to-length scaling exponent of 2 provides a mechanism to maximize shell production relative to biomass, while at the same time providing maximum surface area for the all-important settling of oyster spat to maintain the population.