Prefrontal correlates of approach preferences for alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependence
Prefrontal correlates of approach preferences for alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependence
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DOI：
10.1111/adb.12005
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ehlis, Ann-Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ernst, Lena H.;Plichta, Michael M.;Ehlis, Ann-Christine
对酒精刺激的接近偏差（即比回避反应更快的接近）可能会促进酒精依赖的复发。神经生物学模型表明，在奖励系统的超敏反应[阿利亚是核丘脑和眶额皮质（OFC）]，以引起病理性增强的方法对酒精刺激的冲动。与此同时，在酒精依赖中，这些结构只受到活动不足的背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）的控制。本研究探讨了皮质方面的功能性近红外光谱在21酒精依赖住院患者和21名健康对照（HC;可比的年龄，性别和教育）在性能的接近回避任务（AAT）的第一次。补充以前的研究结果，在反应时间（RT），患者表现出更强的方法偏好酒精比非酒精刺激。对于非酒精刺激，患者甚至表现出回避偏好。HC则相反。组间差异的活动OFC是相同的RT，揭示患者分配更高的主观价值接近酒精刺激。在这两个群体中，在右侧DLPFC的监管活动更强，在避免比接近酒精图片。由于明确的任务指令和患者的前额叶功能不足，可能意识到的行为假设可能会解释这种同样一致的模式。结果进行了讨论，最近的研究结果揭示了减少行为的方法偏见和复发的风险，通过应用再培训版本的AAT。功能测量可以作为监测相应神经生物学变化的方法，并可能预测这种训练的成功。
An approach bias for alcohol stimuli (i.e. faster approach than avoidance reactions) might facilitate relapses in alcohol dependence. Neurobiological models suggest hypersensitivity in the reward system [inter alia nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] to cause pathologically enhanced approach impulses towards alcohol stimuli. At the same time, in alcohol dependence, these structures are only insufficiently controlled by a hypoactive dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The present study investigated the cortical aspects of this model with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in 21 alcohol-dependent in-patients and 21 healthy controls (HC; comparable in age, gender and education) during performance of the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) for the first time. Complementing previous findings, in reaction times (RTs), patients showed stronger approach preferences for alcohol than non-alcohol stimuli. For non-alcohol stimuli, patients even displayed avoidance preferences. The reversed pattern was found in HC. Group differences in activity of the OFC were identical to those in RTs, revealing patients to assign higher subjective value to approaching alcohol stimuli. In both groups, regulatory activity in the right DLPFC was stronger during avoiding than approaching alcohol pictures. Probable awareness of the behavioural hypotheses due to explicit task instructions and patients' deficient prefrontal function might account for this equally aligned pattern. Results are discussed with regard to recent findings revealing a reduced behavioural approach bias and risk for relapse by applying a retraining version of the AAT. Functional measurements might serve as a method for monitoring the corresponding neurobiological changes and-possibly-predicting the success of such a training.