Exposure to early adversity: Points of cross-species translation that can lead to improved understanding of depression.
Exposure to early adversity: Points of cross-species translation that can lead to improved understanding of depression.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579415000103
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Andersen SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersen SL
回顾了发育中的逆境与情感障碍之间的关系。本文讨论的逆境包括人类的身体和性虐待、忽视或失去照顾者。虽然这些压力源可能发生在发育过程中的任何时刻，但与特定抑郁症状的独特时间关系是讨论的焦点。敏感时期压力暴露的进一步影响也可能因性别和虐待持续时间而异。来自动物研究的数据旨在提供对敏感期、不同类型的社会心理压力源和性如何相互作用以产生抑郁样行为的更深入的转化和因果理解。母亲分离、隔离养育、慢性可变压力和同伴养育范式的研究结果阐明了各种抑郁行为如何受暴露年龄影响的解释。抑郁行为分为以下几类：情绪和情感、快感缺失、精力不足、工作记忆、睡眠-觉醒、食欲变化、自杀和全身不适。讨论了每个类别中人类、非人灵长类动物、大鼠和小鼠的跨物种证据。总之，情感相关行为（焦虑、情绪和可控性）的敏感期发生在生命早期，而抑郁症的其他方面则与青春期后期的逆境有关。
The relationship between developmental exposure to adversity and affective disorders is reviewed. Adversity discussed herein includes physical and sexual abuse, neglect, or loss of a caregiver in humans. While these stressors can occur at any point during development, the unique temporal relationship to specific depressive symptoms was the focus of discussion. Further influences of stress exposure during sensitive periods can vary by gender and duration of abuse as well. Data from animal studies are presented to provide greater translational and causal understanding of how sensitive periods, different types of psychosocial stressors, and sex interact to produce depressive-like behaviors. Findings from maternal separation, isolation rearing, chronic variable stress, and peer–peer rearing paradigms clarify interpretation about how various depressive behaviors are influenced by age of exposure. Depressive behaviors are broken down into the following categories: mood and affect, anhedonia, energy, working memory, sleep–wake, appetite changes, suicide, and general malaise. Cross-species evidence from humans, nonhuman primates, rats, and mice within each of these categories is discussed. In conclusion, sensitive periods for affective-related behaviors (anxiety, mood, and controllability) occur earlier in life, while other aspects of depression are associated with adversity later during adolescence.