Tropical cyclogenesis at and near the Equator

Tropical cyclogenesis at and near the Equator
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赤道及其附近的热带气旋生成

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3529
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Smith RK
Smith RK
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Steenkamp SC;Kilroy G;Smith RK

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利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)对赤道附近一些重要的气旋发生事件的分析,研究了赤道附近几个纬度范围内热带气旋的形成。在一个静止不旋转的环境中,从规定的弱(最大风速5 m/S)初始逆时针方向涡旋开始,用理想化模式模拟也证明了在赤道形成的可能性。在所研究的实际事件中,涡旋形成发生在大尺度逆时针流动中,该大尺度逆时针流动包括一个主要为正的绝对垂直涡度区域,该区域通常延伸到赤道以南5°以上。由于深层对流的涡度伸展,在该区域内形成了垂直涡度增强的斑块。这些涡度斑块是由对流组织起来的,对流的集体效应产生了一个翻转的环流,使涡度在低层流向对流区内的某个中心。根据斯托克斯定理,绕该中心的固定半径圆的切向环量增加,涡旋上升。这种自旋上升的过程与赤道以外发生的过程相同。
The formation of tropical cyclones within a few degrees latitude of the Equator is investigated using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses of some prominent cyclogenesis events there. The possibility of formation at the Equator is demonstrated also using idealized model simulations, starting from a prescribed, weak (maximum wind speed 5 m/s) initial counter‐clockwise vortex in an otherwise quiescent, non‐rotating environment.In the real events investigated, vortex formation occurred within a broadscale counter‐clockwise flow that encompasses a region of predominantly positive absolute vertical vorticity typically extending more than 5° south of the Equator. Patches of enhanced vertical vorticity form within this region as a result of vorticity stretching by deep convection. These vorticity patches are organized by the convection, the collective effects of which produce an overturning circulation that fluxes vorticity at low levels towards some centre within the convective region. By Stokes' theorem, the tangential circulation about circles of fixed radius around this centre increase and the vortex spins up. This process of spin‐up is the same as that which occurs away from the Equator.
DOI: 10.1002/qj.3134
发表时间: 2017-10
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
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作者:
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DOI: 10.22499/2.6503.003
发表时间: 2013
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