Concentrations and Size Distributions of Black Carbon in the Surface Snow of Eastern Antarctica in 2011
Concentrations and Size Distributions of Black Carbon in the Surface Snow of Eastern Antarctica in 2011
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2019jd030737
复制
发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takeshi Kinase;Kouji Adachi;N. Oshima;K. Goto‐Azuma;Yoshimi Ogawa‐Tsukagawa;Yoshiko Kondo;N. Moteki;S. Ohata;Toshiya Mori;Masahiko Hayashi;K. Hara;Hiroto Kawashima;Kazuyuki Kita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takeshi Kinase;Kouji Adachi;N. Oshima;K. Goto‐Azuma;Yoshimi Ogawa‐Tsukagawa;Yoshiko Kondo;N. Moteki;S. Ohata;Toshiya Mori;Masahiko Hayashi;K. Hara;Hiroto Kawashima;Kazuyuki Kita
对南极洲表层雪中黑碳浓度和粒度分布的了解有限。然而，这些测量是重要的，以了解全球气溶胶输送燃烧源，和BC有助于积极的辐射强迫。本研究分析了2011年4月至12月在南极昭和站和沿着一条穿越路线到内陆（瑞穗）站采集的雪样中BC和无机离子的浓度和粒径分布。雪中的BC粒径分布呈双峰型，质量中值直径为~140和~690 nm。我们还从单峰分布估计了质量中值直径，发现直径小于其他研究报告的直径。雪中BC的质量浓度在内陆样品中高于Syowa样品。在昭和州的样本中，12月的BC浓度（平均2117.3 ng L−1）高于其他时期（平均288.2 ng L−1）。12月的样本经历了0 °C以上的环境温度，大气中的BC浓度没有同时增加。无机离子来源于海洋，并随着距离沿海地区的增加而减少。我们的结论是，BC的浓度增加，主要是通过后沉积过程中的水质量的损失，由于融化，蒸发和升华。我们的研究是第一个报告详细的BC浓度和尺寸分布在南极洲东部，其结果将有助于评估BC的全球运输，在该地区的降雪量估计，以及BC的气候影响。
Knowledge of black carbon (BC) concentrations and size distributions within surface snow in Antarctica is limited. However, these measurements are important to understanding global aerosol transport from combustion sources, and BC contributes to positive radiative forcing. This study analyzed the concentrations and size distributions of BC and inorganic ions in snow samples collected at the Syowa station in Antarctica from April to December 2011 and along a traverse route to an inland (Mizuho) station. The BC size distributions in snow were bimodal with mass median diameters of ~140 and ~690 nm. We also estimated the mass median diameter from unimodal distributions and found smaller diameters than were reported by other studies. The mass concentrations of BC in snow were higher in inland samples than in Syowa samples. Among Syowa samples, the BC concentrations in December (2117.3 ng L−1 on average) were higher than in other periods (288.2 ng L−1 on average). The December samples experienced ambient temperatures above 0 °C, and the atmospheric BC concentrations did not increase simultaneously. Inorganic ions originated from the ocean and decreased with increasing distance from the coastal area. We conclude that the BC concentrations in surface snow increased mainly by postdeposition processes through the loss of water mass due to melting, evaporation, and sublimation. Our study is the first to report detailed BC concentrations and size distributions in eastern Antarctica, and the results will help to evaluate BC global transport, the snow albedo estimations in this region, and the climate impacts of BC.