Foraging activity and night-roost usage in the Japanese greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon.
Foraging activity and night-roost usage in the Japanese greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon.
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DOI：
10.3106/mammalstudy.28.1
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Maeda, Fumikazu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Funakoshi, Kimitake;Maeda, Fumikazu
利用蝙蝠探测器、无线电发射器和荧光标记对铁菊头蝠的夜间活动、觅食行为和夜栖利用进行了研究。从3月到11月的黄昏时分，洞穴栖息地开始出现。平均羽化时间为日落后14 min，主要觅食期为日落后数h内。主要的觅食方式是捕蝇（鲈鱼狩猎）。蝙蝠取食或栖息的树枝平均高出地面4.1米。蝙蝠的停留时间平均为6.6分钟，每个喂食点。在6月，8月和9月，一旦蝙蝠出现，他们很少回到洞穴，直到日出之前，但在7月，哺乳期的女性返回到洞穴午夜之前。11月，大多数蝙蝠在日落后两小时左右返回洞穴。成年雌性的活动范围平均为1.5公顷，它们主要在开阔的森林，林地路径或林缘觅食。它们到主要觅食地的距离平均为0.87公里。记录的最大行进距离是一夜之间的2.3公里，他们在距离洞穴2.0公里的地方狩猎。蝙蝠使用特定的夜间栖息地，它们在夜间栖息地的栖息时间在4月延长了约6小时，在6月和10月从1小时到5小时不等。
Nocturnal activity, foraging behavior and night-roost usage in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon were examined using bat-detectors, radio transmitters and fluorescent tags. Emergence from the cave roost began around dusk from March to November. The mean emergence time averaged 14 min after sunset, and the principal foraging period was within a few hours after sunset. The main foraging style was flycatching (perch-hunting). The height of the branches used by bats as feeding or roosting sites averaged 4.1 m above the ground. The length of bat's stay per feeding site averaged 6.6 min. In June, August and September, once the bats emerged, they seldom returned to the cave until just before sunrise, but in July, lactating females returned to the cave before midnight. In November, most of the bats returned to the cave about two hrs after sunset. Home range of adult females averaged 1.5 ha, and they foraged mainly in open forests, woodland paths or forest edges. The distances traveled to their main foraging sites averaged 0.87 km. Maximum-recorded distance traveled was 2.3 km during one night, and they hunted up to a distance of 2.0 km from the cave. Bats used specific night roosts, and their roosting bouts in the night roosts extended for about six hrs in April and varied from one to five hrs in June and October.