Comparative Advantages of National Pharmaceutical Industries through the Prism of New Indicators
Comparative Advantages of National Pharmaceutical Industries through the Prism of New Indicators
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新指标棱镜看全国医药产业比较优势
DOI：
10.31767/su.2-3(89-90)2020.02-03.06
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Salikhova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Salikhova
研究了全球医药产品市场上新的行为者出现的具体方式，并证实了跨国公司在发展中国家建立制药业方面的作用、投资和技术。本文以波多黎各和爱尔兰为例，说明了药品和医疗产品制造业扩张的背景，并分析了其出口能力建设的趋势。制药跨国公司转移生产设施到印度和中国的因素得到证实，这一过程的影响突出。据透露，由于生产的国际化，几十年前还是药品净进口国的国家已经加入了外部市场主要供应国的行列。由于美国和欧洲跨国公司在制药业的研发方面处于领先地位，因此可以证明，由于研发和创新绩效低下以及严重依赖进口部件，该行业的能力建设及其目前的优势是全球趋势和全球市场形势的结果，而不是国家科学技术优先事项的实施。根据作者的建议，除制药业外，确定增值创造方面比较优势的拟议方法应用于评估其他高技术产业，并应辅之以分析高技术制成品和中间产品对外贸易的统计工具。
Specific ways of the emergence of new actors in the global market of pharmaceutical goods is investigated, with substantiating the role of transnational corporations (TNC), their investment and technologies in establishing pharmaceutical industries in developing countries. The cases of Puerto Rico and Ireland are taken in order to demonstrate the background for expansion of manufacturing of medicines and medical products and analyze the tendencies in their export capacity building. The factors making pharmaceutical TNC transfer production facilities to India and China are substantiated and implications of this process are highlighted. It is revealed that due to the production internationalization, countries that had been net importers of pharmaceuticals just several decades ago have joined the group of key suppliers to external markets. Because American and European TNC are leading in the pharmaceutical industry by RD is it substantiated that due to low R&D and innovation performance and heavy dependence on imported components, capacity building of this industry and its current advantages result from global tendencies and global market conjunctures rather than from the implementation of the national science & technology priorities. According to the author’s recommendation, the proposed approach to determining comparative advantages in value added creation should be used for the assessment of other high tech industries, apart from the pharmaceutical industry, and that is should be supplemented by statistical tools for analysis of foreign trade in finished and intermediate high tech goods.