Ecological effects and management of invasive alien Vespidae
Ecological effects and management of invasive alien Vespidae
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10526-011-9389-z
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Villemant, Claire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beggs, Jacqueline R.;Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.;Villemant, Claire
与人类商品有关的昆虫物种继续被意外地引入新的地点。这些引进的物种中有一小部分成为入侵物种，对接收社区造成一系列影响。因此，评估哪些物种成为入侵物种的模式以及哪些策略在管理它们方面最成功是很重要的。本文综述了入侵蜘蛛科在世界范围内的分布、数量、影响和管理。我们确定了34种已知的从世界各地引进的蜘蛛，但7种最具侵略性的物种都是群居物种。大多数引进的蜘蛛科只出现在一两个国家，但一些地区已成为地理上的入侵热点：夏威夷（15种）、北美（8种）、新西兰（5种）、澳大利亚（4种）和南美洲（4种）。两种入侵物种Vespula vulgaris和Vespula germanica的分布尤为广泛和丰富，对生物多样性和生态系统功能产生了一系列影响。其他成功的入侵物种包括一些Polistes spp，它们通过直接捕食或竞争食物或空间来影响当地的生物多样性。有毒诱饵是迄今为止最成功的针对入侵蜘蛛的控制策略，尽管这主要是小规模的实验管理，因为事实证明很难开发商业控制产品。开发与适当毒素或病原体结合的具有货架稳定性的诱饵或诱饵可以克服一些商业障碍。尽管生物防治剂只在一个案例中建立起来，但几次使用拟寄生物进行生物防治的尝试都没有成功地减少入侵黄蜂的数量。蜂群的社会结构及其高繁殖效率为这些物种的入侵提供了便利，但这也意味着在种群水平上进行管理将是困难的。这强调了首先要防止这种入侵发生的必要性。
Insect species associated with human goods continue to be accidentally introduced into new locations. A small proportion of these introduced species become invasive, causing a range of impacts in the receiving community. It is therefore important to evaluate the patterns of which species become invasive and which strategies are most successful in managing them. This review assesses the distribution, abundance, impact and management of the invasive Vespidae worldwide. We identified 34 vespid species known to be introduced around the world, but the seven most invasive species are all eusocial. Most introduced Vespidae only occur in one or two countries, but some areas have become geographic hotspots of invasion: Hawaii (15 species), North America (eight species), New Zealand (five species), Australia (four species) and South America (four species). Two invasive species, Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica have become particularly widespread and abundant with a range of impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Other successful invasive species include several Polistes spp., which affect local biodiversity through direct predation or competition for food or space. Toxic baiting has been the most successful control strategy against invasive vespids to date, although this has mostly been small scale experimental management as it has proved difficult to develop commercial control products. Development of shelf-stable lures or baits combined with suitable toxins or pathogens could overcome some of the commercial impediments. Several attempts at biological control using parasitoids have not successfully reduced invasive wasp populations, although the biocontrol agent has only established in one case. The social structure of colonies and their high reproductive efficiency have facilitated invasion by these species, but it also means management at the population level will be difficult. This emphasises the need to prevent such invasions from occurring in the first place.