DNA barcoding of Neotropical black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): Species identification and discovery of cryptic diversity in Mesoamerica
DNA barcoding of Neotropical black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): Species identification and discovery of cryptic diversity in Mesoamerica
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DOI：
10.11646/zootaxa.3936.1.5
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发表时间：
2015-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Johnson, Nick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernandez-Triana, Luis M.;Chaverri, Luis G.;Johnson, Nick
虽然正确的分类对疾病控制和流行病学研究至关重要，但基于形态的黑蝇分类是极其困难的。在本研究中，评估了COI基因部分序列（DNA条形码区）在中美洲黑蝇种类鉴定中的应用。共分析了32种形态种，其中Gigantodax属1种，Simulium属31种及其亚属6种（Aspathia、Eusimulium、Notolepria、Psaroniocompsa、Psilopelmia、Trichodagmia）。基于DNA条形码的邻接树（NJ）根据形态分类学研究识别的种或种群对大多数标本进行分组。形态不同种间的种内序列差异为0.07% ~ 1.65%，而物种复合体的种内序列差异较高（2.05% ~ 6.13%），表明存在隐多样性。在S. callidum （Dyar & Shannon）、S. quadrivittatum Loew和S. samboni Jennings中存在定义明确的类群，表明这些分类群中可能包含隐种。此外，在S. paynei Vargas和S. tarsatum Macquart中存在兄弟种的怀疑也得到了支持。DNA条形码还显示了形态上难以划分的物种标本，如S. callidum， S. pseudoallidum Diaz Najera， S. travisi Vargas, Vargas & Ramirez-Perez，物种复合体的近亲，如S. metallicum Bellardi s.l（如S. horacioi Okazawa & Onishi， S. jobbinsi Vargas, Martinez Palacios, Diaz Najera， S. puigi Vargas, Martinez Palacios & Diaz Najera），和S. virgatum Coquillett复合体（如S. virgatum Coquillett复合体）。paynei和tarsatum)在新泽西州的分析中被归类在一起，表明它们代表了有效的物种。DNA条形码与完善的形态分类框架相结合，为鉴定中美洲具有重要医学意义的黑蝇物种和发现该类群内隐藏的多样性提供了有效的方法。
Although correct taxonomy is paramount for disease control programs and epidemiological studies, morphology-based taxonomy of black flies is extremely difficult. In the present study, the utility of a partial sequence of the COI gene, the DNA barcoding region, for the identification of species of black flies from Mesoamerica was assessed. A total of 32 morphospecies were analyzed, one belonging to the genus Gigantodax and 31 species to the genus Simulium and six of its subgenera (Aspathia, Eusimulium, Notolepria, Psaroniocompsa, Psilopelmia, Trichodagmia). The Neighbour Joining tree (NJ) derived from the DNA barcodes grouped most specimens according to species or species groups recognized by morphotaxonomic studies. Intraspecific sequence divergences within morphologically distinct species ranged from 0.07% to 1.65%, while higher divergences (2.05%-6.13%) in species complexes suggested the presence of cryptic diversity. The existence of well-defined groups within S. callidum (Dyar & Shannon), S. quadrivittatum Loew, and S. samboni Jennings revealed the likely inclusion of cryptic species within these taxa. In addition, the suspected presence of sibling species within S. paynei Vargas and S. tarsatum Macquart was supported. DNA barcodes also showed that specimens of species that are difficult to delimit morphologically such as S. callidum, S. pseudocallidum Diaz Najera, S. travisi Vargas, Vargas & Ramirez-Perez, relatives of the species complexes such as S. metallicum Bellardi s.l. (e.g., S. horacioi Okazawa & Onishi, S. jobbinsi Vargas, Martinez Palacios, Diaz Najera, and S. puigi Vargas, Martinez Palacios & Diaz Najera), and S. virgatum Coquillett complex (e.g., S. paynei and S. tarsatum) grouped together in the NJ analysis, suggesting they represent valid species. DNA barcoding combined with a sound morphotaxonomic framework provided an effective approach for the identification of medically important black flies species in Mesoamerica and for the discovery of hidden diversity within this group.