The impact of predator control on lapwing Vanellus vanellus breeding success on wet grassland nature reserves
The impact of predator control on lapwing Vanellus vanellus breeding success on wet grassland nature reserves
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01288.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Bamford, Roy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bolton, Mark;Tyler, Glen;Bamford, Roy
1.虽然欧洲许多地区繁殖涉禽的数量普遍下降与农业的变化有关，但人们担心捕食可能危及涉禽种群的恢复，即使在栖息地适宜的情况下也是如此，例如管理用于饲养涉禽的自然保护区。采用为期8年的杂交试验，研究了红狐、秃鹫和腐烂乌鸦在11个低洼湿润草原上防治对白头翁繁殖性能和种群动态的影响。在没有控制措施的情况下，捕食者的密度在不同地点之间差异很大，因此捕食者被移走的数量也有类似的变化。总体而言，捕食者控制措施导致成年狐狸数量下降40%，领土种群减少56%。捕食者控制对3139个展翅鸟巢的失败率没有总体影响。然而，捕食者控制的效果在不同地点差异很大，反映了捕食者密度的差异。在捕食者密度较高的地点，捕食者控制措施更有可能导致巢穴存活率增加。部署在七个地点的巢温度记录器表明，88%的巢穴捕食发生在黑暗中，这表明这是夜间活动的哺乳动物捕食者。通过无线电跟踪监测，在7个地点，捕食者控制对雏鸡的存活没有总体影响，但捕食者控制的效果在不同地点之间存在差异。在没有采取捕食者控制措施的年份，这些地点的捕食者密度很低。在另外六个地点，根据季节后期成虫与幼虫相伴的比例进行评估，繁殖成功率是控制捕食者的年份的两倍。捕食者的控制对整个试验点的种群趋势没有整体的影响。合成与应用。这项研究强调，在采取特定地点的捕食者控制措施之前，需要了解捕食者的密度以及捕食者对巢和雏鸟生存的影响。推荐了一种决策树，用于确定狐狸和/或乌鸦控制可能既必要又有效的情况。
1. Whilst the widespread declines in breeding grassland waders in many parts of Europe have been associated with changes in agriculture, there is concern that predation may compromise recovery of wader populations, even in situations where habitat is suitable, such as nature reserves managed for breeding waders.2. An 8-year cross-over experiment was used to examine the effect of red fox Vulpes vulpes and carrion crow Corvus corone control on breeding performance and population trends of lapwing Vanellus vanellus on 11 lowland wet grasslands.3. Predator densities in the absence of control measures were highly variable among sites, and consequently the numbers of predators removed were similarly variable. Overall, predator control measures resulted in a 40% decline in adult fox numbers and a 56% reduction in territorial crows.4. There was no overall effect of predator control on the failure rate of 3139 lapwing nests. However, the effect of predator control varied significantly among sites, reflecting the variation in predator densities. Predator control measures were more likely to result in increased nest survival at sites where predator densities were high.5. Nest-temperature loggers deployed at seven sites indicated that 88% of nest predations occurred during darkness, suggesting nocturnal mammalian predators.6. At seven sites predator control had no overall effect on chick survival, monitored by radio-tracking 459 chicks, but there were differences in the effect of predator control among sites. Densities of predators were low during years without predator control measures at the majority of these sites.7. At six further sites breeding success, assessed from the proportion of adults accompanied by young late in the season, was twice as high in years when predators were controlled.8. There was no overall effect of predator control on lapwing population trends across the experimental sites.9. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the need for information on predator densities and the impact of predators on nest and chick survival, before embarking on predator control measures at a particular site. A decision tree for determining the circumstances in which fox and/or crow control may be both necessary and effective is recommended.