Acute chemical toxicity of uranium
Acute chemical toxicity of uranium
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DOI：
10.1097/01.hp.0000288043.94908.1f
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Burklin, Richard K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kathren, Ronald L.;Burklin, Richard K.
虽然人类对铀的经验跨越了200多年，但人类急性摄入的LD 50尚未得到很好的确定。大剂量的急性铀可导致大鼠、豚鼠和其他小型实验动物因化学毒性而死亡，但不同物种的敏感性不同。然而，人类从未因铀中毒而死亡，而且人类似乎对铀的急性和慢性毒性效应的敏感性低于所研究的其他哺乳动物物种。从为治疗糖尿病而服用大剂量铀的人的经验和从急性意外吸入摄入的经验中，可以获得关于铀对人体毒性的高度相关数据。虽然确定铀在人体中的口服和吸入急性LD 50的数据很少，但这些数据足以得出结论，口服摄入可溶性铀化合物的LD 50超过几克铀，吸入摄入量至少为1.0克。对于溶解度较低的铀化合物的摄入，急性LD 50值可能显著更大。建议暂以5g作为铀对人体的急性经口LD_（50）。对于吸入可溶性铀化合物，建议将1.0 g铀作为暂定急性吸入LD 50。
Although human experience with uranium spans more than 200 years, the LD50 for acute intake in humans has not been well established. Large acute doses of uranium can produce death from chemical toxicity in rats, guinea pigs, and other small experimental animals, with variation in sensitivity among species. However, there has never been a death attributable to uranium poisoning in humans, and humans seem to be less sensitive to both acute and chronic toxic effects of uranium than other mammalian species studied. Highly relevant data on uranium toxicity in humans are available from the experience of persons administered large doses of uranium for therapy of diabetes and from acute accidental inhalation intakes. Although the data on which to establish oral and inhalation acute LD50 for uranium in humans are sparse, they are adequate to conclude that the LD50 for oral intake of soluble uranium compounds exceeds several grams of uranium and is at least 1.0 g for inhalation intakes. For intakes of uranium compounds of lesser solubility, acute LD50 values are likely to be significantly greater. It is suggested that 5 g be provisionally considered the acute oral LD50 for uranium in humans. For inhalation intakes of soluble compounds of uranium, 1.0 g of uranium is proposed as the provisional acute inhalation LD50.