The bleak future of NAND flash memory
The bleak future of NAND flash memory
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发表时间：
2012-02
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通讯作者：
Laura M. Grupp;John D. Davis;S. Swanson
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作者：
Laura M. Grupp;John D. Davis;S. Swanson
近年来，基于闪存的固态硬盘在容量和受欢迎程度方面都有了极大的增长。在高性能企业存储应用中，加速采用固态硬盘的前提是制造商能够提供远远超过磁盘的性能，同时缩小每GB成本的差距。然而，在闪存密度继续提高的同时，可靠性、耐用性和性能等其他指标都在下降。因此，制造更大容量的闪存固态硬盘将变得具有挑战性，这些固态硬盘足够可靠，可以在企业环境中使用，而且性能足够高，足以证明其成本是合理的。在这项工作中，我们提供了从6家制造商的45个闪存芯片收集的经验数据，并检查了这些原始闪存设备在闪存功能尺寸缩小时的性能趋势。我们使用此分析来预测未来固态硬盘的性能和成本特征。我们表明，未来密度的提高将导致性能和可靠性的显著下降。因此，SSD制造商和用户将面临在成本、性能、容量和可靠性之间进行权衡的艰难选择。
In recent years, flash-based SSDs have grown enormously both in capacity and popularity. In high-performance enterprise storage applications, accelerating adoption of SSDs is predicated on the ability of manufacturers to deliver performance that far exceeds disks while closing the gap in cost per gigabyte. However, while flash density continues to improve, other metrics such as a reliability, endurance, and performance are all declining. As a result, building larger-capacity flash-based SSDs that are reliable enough to be useful in enterprise settings and high-performance enough to justify their cost will become challenging. In this work, we present our empirical data collected from 45 flash chips from 6 manufacturers and examine the performance trends for these raw flash devices as flash scales down in feature size. We use this analysis to predict the performance and cost characteristics of future SSDs. We show that future gains in density will come at significant drops in performance and reliability. As a result, SSD manufacturers and users will face a tough choice in trading off between cost, performance, capacity and reliability.