VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains
VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains
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DOI：
10.4271/2013-01-0543
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发表时间：
2013-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. J. Alley;D. Nelson;E. White;P. Manning
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. J. Alley;D. Nelson;E. White;P. Manning
随着全球对能源需求的增加，美国人民越来越多地受到高油价和不断上涨的影响。此外，美国交通运输部门占全国温室气体（GHG）排放总量的27%。在美国的交通运输领域，轻型乘用车占能源使用量的58%左右。因此，轻型汽车效率和能源使用的逐步改善将显著影响美国能源使用的整体格局。设计和制造更高效车辆的关键一步是建模动力系统能耗。虽然准确的建模确实是有效和高效设计的关键，但对有助于车辆能耗的动力传动系统和辅助系统的基本理解同样重要，如果不是更重要的话。本文提出了一种方法，已包装成一个工具，称为VTool，可用于估计车辆动力系统的能量消耗。该方法本质上是为了促进对车辆动力系统的理解，因为它与能量消耗有关，同时仍然提供相当准确的结果。VTool明确计算车辆车轮完成规定的行驶循环所需的能量，然后明确应用部件效率来查找行驶循环的部件损耗和总能耗。在计算组件效率和损耗时，VTool提供了几个可调参数，可用于校准特定车辆的工具，比较动力系统架构，或简单地探索某些参数的权衡和敏感性。在本文中，该方法是充分和明确的电动汽车（EV），串联混合动力电动汽车（HEV）和并联混合动力电动汽车为各种不同的驱动周期的模型。VTool还通过了2011年EcoCAR竞赛道路测试结果的验证，可用于UDDS和HwFET循环。通过扩展，该方法可以很容易地扩展用于其他循环。最终的结果是一个工具，可以预测燃料消耗到一个合理的准确度为各种动力系统，计算J1711实用系数加权能源消耗的增程式电动汽车（EREV），并确定井到车轮的影响，一个给定的动力系统或燃料。VTool在执行所有这些操作的同时，明确执行所有计算并计算所有部件损失，以允许用户最大限度地访问，从而促进对汽车燃油经济性和动力系统的基本动态的理解和理解。
As the global demand for energy increases, the people of the United States are increasingly subject to high and ever-rising oil prices. Additionally, the U.S. transportation sector accounts for 27% of total nationwide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In the U.S. transportation sector, light-duty passenger vehicles account for about 58% of energy use. Therefore incremental improvements in light-duty vehicle efficiency and energy use will significantly impact the overall landscape of energy use in America. A crucial step to designing and building more efficient vehicles is modeling powertrain energy consumption. While accurate modeling is indeed key to effective and efficient design, a fundamental understanding of the powertrain and auxiliary systems that contribute to energy consumption for a vehicle is equally as important if not more important. This thesis presents a methodology that has been packaged into a tool, called VTool, that can be used to estimate the energy consumption of a vehicle powertrain. The method is intrinsically designed to foster understanding of the vehicle powertrain as it relates to energy consumption while still providing reasonably accurate results. VTool explicitly calculates the energy required at the wheels of the vehicle to complete a prescribed drive cycle and then explicitly applies component efficiencies to find component losses and the overall energy consumption for the drive cycle. In calculating component efficiencies and losses, VTool offers several tunable parameters that can be used to calibrate the tool for a particular vehicle, compare powertrain architectures, or simply explore the tradeoffs and sensitivities of certain parameters. In this paper, the method is fully and explicitly developed to model Electric Vehicles (EVs), Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Parallel HEVs for various different drive cycles. VTool has also been validated for use in UDDS and HwFET cycles using on-road test results from the 2011 EcoCAR competition. By extension, the method could easily be extended for use in other cycles. The end result is a tool that can predict fuel consumption to a reasonable degree of accuracy for a variety of powertrains, calculate J1711 Utility Factor weighted energy consumption for Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) and determine the Well-to-Wheel impact of a given powertrain or fuel. VTool does all of this while performing all calculations explicitly and calculating all component losses to allow the user maximum access which promotes understanding and comprehension of the fundamental dynamics of automotive fuel economy and the powertrain as a system.