Piloting a city health adaptation typology with data from climate-engaged cities: Toward identification of an urban health adaptation gap.
Piloting a city health adaptation typology with data from climate-engaged cities: Toward identification of an urban health adaptation gap.
复制标题
利用气候参与城市的数据试点城市健康适应类型：确定城市健康适应差距。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2020.110435
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Martinez,GerardoSanchez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheehan,MaryC;Freire,Mila;Martinez,GerardoSanchez
气候变化对人口健康有重要影响，而城市往往处于最前沿。然而，据报道，与其他部门相比，卫生部门在适应气候变化方面的积极性较低。为了帮助更好地了解城市健康适应工作并找出差距，我们制定了城市气候健康适应类型学，并通过向主要公开适应数据库报告的 106 个世界大城市（人口超过 100 万）的适应行动对其进行了测试。我们发现这些“积极适应”城市的三分之二的行动与健康相关。一半是健康信息活动（例如危险绘图、早期预警）；近三分之一涉及城市建筑环境（例如绿色空间）中与气候相关的健康决定因素。百分之四十的城市位于低收入或中等收入国家。我们提出的类型学为监测和比较城市健康适应行动提供了一个系统框架。报告的城市行动表明城市健康相关适应的深度和广度不断增加。然而，即使在这些参与适应的城市中，在关键气候卫生服务（例如心理健康）以及与气候相关的公共卫生治理和能力建设方面也存在明显的健康适应差距。 COVID-19 大流行表明迫切需要强大的公共卫生机构。我们建议将公共卫生机构更好地纳入当地气候行动规划，加强卫生机构与非卫生机构之间以及与非政府行为者之间的合作模式，并通过网络等方式加强城市公共卫生适应能力。
Climate change has important population health impacts, and cities are often on the frontlines. However, health is reported to be less active in climate adaptation than other sectors. To contribute to better understanding urban health adaptation efforts and identifying gaps we developed a City Climate Health Adaptation Typology and tested it with adaptation actions of 106 large world cities (population > 1 million) reported to a major publicly-available adaptation database. We found two-thirds of actions of these ‘active adapter’ cities were health-associated. Half were health information activities (e.g., hazard mapping, early warnings); and nearly one-third addressed climate-relevant health determinants in the urban built environment (e.g., green space). Forty percent of cities were in low- or middle-income countries. Our proposed typology provides a systematic framework for monitoring and comparing city health adaptation actions. Reported city actions are suggestive of increasing depth and breadth of urban health-associated adaptation. However, even among these adaptation-engaged cities, a health adaptation gap was apparent in key climate health services (e.g., mental health), and in climate-related public health governance and capacity building. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated pressing need for strong public health institutions. We recommend better integration of public health agencies into local climate action planning, enhanced modes of collaboration between health and non-health agencies and with non-governmental actors, and strengthening of city public health adaptive capacity including through networking.