Cheesman Lake-a historical ponderosa pine landscape guiding restoration in the South Platte Watershed of the Colorado Front Range
Cheesman Lake-a historical ponderosa pine landscape guiding restoration in the South Platte Watershed of the Colorado Front Range
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奇斯曼湖——指导科罗拉多前岭南普拉特分水岭恢复的历史黄松景观
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Stoker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kaufmann;P. Fornwalt;L. Huckaby;J. Stoker
科罗拉多前锋山脉未采伐和未放牧的黄皮松/道格拉斯冷杉景观为恢复南普拉特分水岭的森林提供了关键信息。基于框架的模型被用来描述35 km2的芝士曼湖景观中4种主要斑块状态之间的关系：(1)开口；(2)黄松林；(3)黄松林；(4)持续的老生长。随着时间的推移，每一种情况在任何非河岸地点都是可能的，火灾和树木更新是导致一种情况变化到另一种情况的主要过程。1900年，森林植被模拟器模型被用来估计在灭火效果之前的契斯曼湖的森林状况。这些结果和1896张齐斯曼湖的照片表明，超过90%的历史景观的树冠封闭率在30%或更低，相比之下，受伐木、放牧、植树和灭火影响的当前附近森林的比例不到50%。历史上的火势是喜忧参半的，被动树冠火可能比主动树冠火更常见。目前，周围的森林几乎没有开口，老树很少，树木密度很高，道格拉斯冷杉生长得很快。火灾行为已经转变为皇冠火灾制度，有时会造成灾难性的后果。历史上的奇斯曼湖森林景观状况正被用来指导周围森林的恢复。
An unlogged and ungrazed ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir landscape in the Colorado Front Range provides critical information for restoring forests in the South Platte watershed. A frame-based model was used to describe the relationship among the four primary patch conditions in the 35-km2 Cheesman Lake landscape: (1) openings, (2) ponderosa pine forest, (3) ponderosa pine/Douglasfir forest, and (4) persistent old growth. Each condition is possible over time at any nonriparian site, with fire and tree recruitment the primary processes causing changes from one condition to another. The Forest Vegetation Simulator model was used to estimate forest conditions at Cheesman Lake in 1900, prior to fire suppression effects. These results and 1896 Cheesman Lake photographs indicate that more than 90 percent of the historical landscape had a crown closure of 30 percent or less, compared with less than 50 percent of current nearby forests affected by logging, grazing, tree planting, and fire suppression. The historical fire regime was mixed severity, and passive crown fire was probably more common than active crown fire. Currently, surrounding forests have almost no openings, little old growth, high tree density, and increased Douglas- fir. Fire behavior has switched to a crown fire regime with sometimes catastrophic results. Historical Cheesman Lake forest landscape conditions are being used to guide restoration of surrounding forests.