Cryopreservation of Orthodox (Desiccation Tolerant) Seeds
Cryopreservation of Orthodox (Desiccation Tolerant) Seeds
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冷冻保存正统（耐干燥）种子
DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-72276-4_19
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Nadarajan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Pritchard;J. Nadarajan
HW Pritchard和J. Nadarajan指出了与6℃储存有关的寿命参数（Roberts and Ellis 1977）。这一观察结果，结合实际性能与在零下温度下的寿命推断之间的比较，表明所有零度以下储存温度的好处可能比以前想象的要少（Dickie等人1990；Pritchard 1995； Pritchard和Dickie 2003； Walters等人2004）。虽然在零下温度下建立种子寿命模型是一个挑战，但这种冷却通常会提高干种子的寿命（Dickie等人1990年；Pritchard和Seaton 1993年；Walters等人2004年）。因此，低温保存对于长期（10-100年）保存本来就很短的正统种子可能特别重要（Pritchard 1995; Pritchard）大约30年前就推荐了低温保存种子的额外生物保险（Stanwood and Bass 1978）。从那时起，大量研究报道了数百种植物对液氮暴露的干种子耐受性（见引文Pritchard 1995,2007）。近年来，对遗传资源的冷冻保存研究总体上有了显著增加（Pritchard 2002），包括对干种子的冷冻保存研究（Pritchard 2007）。过去10年的大部分研究都是关于具有社会经济重要性的物种，特别是木本物种（约40种）、园艺物种（约9种）和农业物种（约13种）（回顾见Pritchard 2007）。对本地、濒危或特有物种也进行了研究。此外，最近明显出现了更大的集体努力来低温保存独特的PGR。这些倡议包括：无性繁殖作物方法的技术转让（Reed等人，2004年），在非洲建立一个区域卓越低温中心（Darwin倡议，2005年；Wood等人，2005年），以及功能性区域低温网络（EU， 2006年；Pritchard， 2006年）。然而，通过液化气体实验对种子低温极端性的兴趣可以追溯到19世纪，在19世纪30年代和30年代之间是一个黄金时代（例如Thiselton-Dyer[1899]；见“种子的潜在生命”）。
HW Pritchard and J. Nadarajan which indicated longevity parameters associated with storage at–6 C (Roberts and Ellis 1977). This observation, combined with comparisons between actual performance and extrapolation of longevity to sub-zero temperatures, suggests that the benefits of all sub-zero storage temperatures may be less than previously thought (Dickie et al. 1990; Pritchard 1995; Pritchard and Dickie 2003; Walters et al. 2004). Although the modelling of seed longevity at sub-zero temperatures is a challenge, such cooling generally enhances dry seed longevity (Dickie et al. 1990; Pritchard and Seaton 1993; Walters et al. 2004). Consequently, cryopreservation may be of particular importance for the long-term (10-100s years) storage of otherwise inherently short-lived orthodox seeds (Pritchard 1995; PritchardThe extra biological insurance of cryopreserving seeds was recommendded about 30 years ago (Stanwood and Bass 1978). Since then, numerous studies have reported dry seed tolerance of liquid nitrogen exposure of hundreds of species (see citations in Pritchard 1995, 2007). Cryopreservation studies on genetic resources in general have increased significantly in recent times (Pritchard 2002), including on dry seeds (Pritchard 2007). Most of the studies in about the last 10 years have been on species of socio-economic importance, particularly woody (about 40), horticultural (about 9) and agriculture (about 13)(for review see Pritchard 2007). Native, endangered or endemic species have also been studied. Moreover, greater collective efforts to cryopreserve unique PGR are evident recently. Such initiatives include: technology transfer of methods for vegetatively propagated crops (Reed et al. 2004), the establishment of a regional cryo centre of excellence in Africa (Darwin Initiative 2005; Wood et al. 2005), and functional regional cryo networks (EU 2006; Pritchard 2006). However, interest in the low temperature extremophily of seeds through experimentation with liquefied gases extends back to the nineteenth century, with a golden era between the 1830s and 1930s (eg Thiselton-Dyer [1899]; see “The latent life of seeds”).