What's behind the tell phenomenon? An archaeozoological approach of Eneolithic sites in Romania
What's behind the tell phenomenon? An archaeozoological approach of Eneolithic sites in Romania
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.054
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Balasescu, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brehard, Stephanie;Balasescu, Adrian
这篇文章关注的是欧洲东南部的新石器时代，这与社会复杂性增加的阶段相对应。我们证明了一种新型定居点的发展，即罗马尼亚东南部的tell遗址，完全始于Gumelnita文化，伴随着饮食中肉类成分的变化。对39个可用的动物光谱进行对应分析：这表明，在Hamangia和Boian文化的同质性特征之后，Gumelnita文化的动物开发系统具有更大的多样性。主要的变化是大型狩猎对一些Gumelnita群落（受青睐的物种多种多样）所起的重要作用。然而，在家养种中也存在变异性。这可能是几个可能因素相互作用的结果（例如，新的畜牧业技术，遗址之间复杂的社会经济关系，赋予野生哺乳动物的巨大社会价值）。这种多样性与Gumelnita tell站点的羊（以及较小程度的牛）放牧实践的同质性形成鲜明对比（在五个站点建立了可靠的杀戮模式）。我们还表明，羊的开发是专业化的。鉴于这种专门化的开发从古梅尔尼塔时期开始就成为常态，我们认为，同质化和专门化的羊养殖方式的出现与羊场的发展有关。更普遍地说，古梅尔尼塔时期牧灵实践的某些标准化是可能的。在三个遗址中，最年轻的绵羊和山羊很可能主要死在其他地方；我们认为，这些聚落是更大的牧区系统的一部分，在地方或区域尺度上，存在着具有互补功能的场所或遗址。(C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
This article is concerned with the Eneolithic period in southeastern Europe, which corresponds to a phase of increasing social complexity. We demonstrate that the development of a new type of settlement, the tell site, which in southeastern Romania fully began with the Gumelnita culture, was accompanied by changes in the meat component of the diet. The 39 available faunal spectra are processed by correspondence analyses: this shows that the homogeneity that characterized the previous cultures (Hamangia and Boian) was followed by a greater diversity in animal exploitation systems in the Gumelnita culture. The main change is the important role that large game played for some Gumelnita communities (the favored species varied). However, variability existed within the domestic species as well. This may result from the interaction between several possible factors (e.g. new husbandry techniques, complex socio-economic relations between the sites, a great social value given to wild mammals). This diversity contrasts with the homogeneity of the pastoral practices developed for sheep (and, to a lesser extent, for cattle) at the Gumelnita tell sites (reliable kill-off patterns were established for five sites). We also show that sheep exploitation was specialized. Given that this kind of specialized exploitation became the norm from the Gumelnita period, we propose that the appearance of homogeneous and specialized practices for sheep is linked to the development of tell sites. More generally, certain standardization in pastoral practices during the Gumelnita period is possible. For three tell sites, it is likely that the youngest sheep and goats died mainly elsewhere; we suggest that these settlements were parts of larger pastoral systems, on a local or regional scale, and that places or sites with complementary functions existed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.