The verbal threat information pathway to fear in children: The longitudinal effects on fear cognitions and the immediate effects on avoidance behavior
The verbal threat information pathway to fear in children: The longitudinal effects on fear cognitions and the immediate effects on avoidance behavior
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DOI：
10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.214
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Banerjee, Robin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Field, Andy P.;Lawson, Joanne;Banerjee, Robin
长期以来，口头信息一直被认为是导致恐惧的间接途径。让儿童（6-8 岁或 12-13 岁）接触有关 3 种新动物的威胁信息、正面信息或没有信息，以了解对其恐惧认知的长期影响以及对回避行为的直接影响。他们直接（自我报告）和间接（内隐关联任务）测量了对动物的态度的变化，这些变化与所提供的信息一致，并且这种变化持续到 6 个月后。口头威胁信息也会引起动物的行为回避。由于威胁和积极的言语信息，年龄较小的孩子比年龄较大的孩子形成了更强的动物威胁和动物安全联想，但年龄对自我报告的恐惧信念和回避行为的影响可以忽略不计。这些结果支持恐惧习得理论，该理论假设言语信息影响恐惧情绪的组成部分。
Verbal information has long been assumed to be an indirect pathway to fear. Children (aged 6-8 or 12-13 years) were exposed to threat, positive, or no information about 3 novel animals to see the long-term impact on their fear cognitions and the immediate impact on avoidance behavior. Their directly (self-report) and indirectly (implicit association task) measured attitudes toward the animals changed congruent with the information provided, and the changes persisted up to 6 months later. Verbal threat information also induced behavioral avoidance of the animal. Younger children formed stronger animal-threat and animal-safe associations because of threat and positive verbal information than older children, but there were negligible age effects on self-reported fear beliefs and avoidance behaviors. These results support theories of fear acquisition that suppose that verbal information affects components of the fear emotion.