Future of breeding by genome editing is in the hands of regulators
Future of breeding by genome editing is in the hands of regulators
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DOI：
10.1080/21645698.2015.1134405
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Jones, Huw D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones, Huw D.
我们正在目睹几种技术的及时融合，这些技术将对研究、人类健康和动植物育种产生重大影响。基因组和表达序列数据的指数增长，在高性能计算机上通过复杂的生物信息学程序编译、分析和挖掘这些数据的能力，以及各种分子和体外细胞技术的发展，联合收割机结合在一起，支持研究和商业生物技术的新发展。可以说，其中最重要的是基因组编辑，其包括一套定点核酸酶（SDN），其可以被设计为切割或以其他方式修饰基因组中的预定DNA序列，并导致靶向插入、缺失或用于遗传改良的其他变化。它是一种强大的适应性技术，适用于动植物科学，对动植物育种有着巨大的意义。但只有当监管监督与潜在危害相称，并得到消费者、研究人员和商业利益的广泛支持，这一承诺才能实现。尽管在研究和开发方面取得了重大进展，一种基因组编辑作物接近商业化，但在世界大多数地区，仍不清楚如何或是否会对这种新兴技术进行监管。各种风险管理机构和生物技术监管机构有一个独特的机会，为基因编辑建立一个合理、适当和可行的监管框架，与转基因生物的情况不同，这将得到利益攸关方的广泛支持。
We are witnessing the timely convergence of several technologies that together will have significant impact on research, human health and in animal and plant breeding. The exponential increase in genome and expressed sequence data, the ability to compile, analyze and mine these data via sophisticated bioinformatics procedures on high-powered computers, and developments in various molecular and in-vitro cellular techniques combine to underpin novel developments in research and commercial biotechnology. Arguably the most important of these is genome editing which encompasses a suite of site directed nucleases (SDN) that can be designed to cut, or otherwise modify predetermined DNA sequences in the genome and result in targeted insertions, deletions, or other changes for genetic improvement. It is a powerful and adaptive technology for animal and plant science, with huge relevance for plant and animal breeding. But this promise will be realized only if the regulatory oversight is proportionate to the potential hazards and has broad support from consumers, researchers and commercial interests. Despite significant progress in research and development and one genome edited crop close to commercialization, in most regions of the world it still remains unclear how or whether this fledgling technology will be regulated. The various risk management authorities and biotechnology regulators have a unique opportunity to set up a logical, appropriate and workable regulatory framework for gene editing that, unlike the situation for GMOs, would have broad support from stakeholders.