Emerging psychoactive substance use among regular ecstasy users in Australia
Emerging psychoactive substance use among regular ecstasy users in Australia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.11.020
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Sindicich, Natasha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruno, Raimondo;Matthews, Allison J.;Sindicich, Natasha
工作背景：过去十年出现了一系列新出现的精神活性物质，但关于其在欧洲以外使用程度的信息极少。这项研究旨在确定澳大利亚经常使用摇头丸的样本（REU）中兴奋剂（例如甲氧麻黄酮）和迷幻药类（例如5-甲氧基-二甲基色胺[5-MeO-DMT]）中EPS的使用程度。此外，为了确定这些药物的消费者是否代表REU的一个独特亚组。结果：超过四分之一（28%）的REU在过去六个月内使用过EPS，最常见的是兴奋剂类（20%，通常是甲氧麻黄酮，17%），而不是迷幻类（13%）。使用刺激性EPS的REU的人口统计学和风险行为在很大程度上与非EPS消费的REU没有什么不同。那些使用迷幻EPS是不同的，启动摇头丸使用较早，更频繁地使用多种物质（大麻，吸入剂，GHB，氯胺酮）和更常见的经历法律的，心理和社会problem.Conclusions：迷幻EPS的使用似乎在很大程度上局限于一个独特的子集REU与高水平的非注射多种药物的使用，但使用似乎普遍有限。兴奋剂EPS消费者与“主流”REU的人口统计学相似性，加上对这些药物的精神活性作用的积极反应和摇头丸纯度的下降，表明兴奋剂EPS进一步扩大到摇头丸市场的巨大潜力。这类药物对公共健康的影响可能比摇头丸更大，今后应予以认真监测。(C)2011爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Background: The past decade has seen the development of an array of emerging psychoactive substances (EPS), however, there is minimal information on the extent of their use outside Europe. This study aimed to determine the extent of use of EPS from stimulant (such as mephedrone) and psychedelic classes (such as 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine [5-MeO-DMT]) among an Australian sample of regular ecstasy users (REU). Further, to determine if consumers of these drugs represent a distinct subgroup of REU.Methods: Australian national cross-sectional surveys of 693 regular (at least monthly) ecstasy users conducted during 2010.Results: More than one quarter (28%) of REU had used an EPS in the past six months, most commonly from the stimulant class (20%, typically mephedrone, 17%) rather than the psychedelic class (13%). Demographics and risk behaviours of REU that used stimulant EPS were largely no different from non-EPS consuming REU. Those using psychedelic EPS were distinct, initiating ecstasy use earlier, more frequently using multiple substances (cannabis, inhalants, GHB, ketamine) and more commonly experiencing legal, psychological and social problems.Conclusions: Psychedelic EPS use appears largely restricted to a distinct subset of REU with high-level non-injecting polydrug use, but use appears generally limited. The demographic similarity of stimulant EPS consumers with 'mainstream' REU, in conjunction with positive responses to the psychoactive effects of these drugs and declining ecstasy purity, suggests strong potential for stimulant EPS to expand further into ecstasy markets. Such drugs may have a greater public health impact than ecstasy, and merit careful monitoring into the future. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.