Repeated cross-sectional skin testing for bovine tuberculosis in cattle kept in a traditional husbandry system in Ethiopia
Repeated cross-sectional skin testing for bovine tuberculosis in cattle kept in a traditional husbandry system in Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1136/vr.c3381
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发表时间：
2010-08-14
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Zinsstag, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tschopp, R.;Schelling, E.;Zinsstag, J.
在埃塞俄比亚三个随机选择的县（Meskan、Woldia和Bako-Gazer）中，对5377头牛进行了为期三年的牛结核病（TB）代表性重复横断面皮肤试验，这些牛以前从未进行过TB试验。几乎所有动物（99%）都包括传统畜牧系统饲养的当地斑马。比较皮内结核菌素试验与两个诊断阈值被用来定义阳性试验结果，一个根据世界动物卫生组织（OIE）建议的截止值超过4毫米，另一个截止值>2毫米。数据分析使用逻辑回归模型进行随机效应在村庄一级。应用世界动物卫生组织的定义，在皮肤试验阳性的当地斑马中，牛结核病的总体代表性表观流行率为0.9%（95%置信区间[CI]为0.6%至1.3%）。使用超过2毫米的临界值，总体代表性流行率增加到4%（95%置信区间2.4至4.8%）。由于表观流行率较低，只有在Meskan（4.5%）和Bako-Gazer（2.4%）才能计算出2毫米以上临界值的真实流行率。除了Meskan，各地区的患病率多年来没有显著变化。所有研究地点都发现了鸟分枝杆菌反应器动物，但存在显着的地理差异。总体而言，公牛和公牛更有可能成为阳性反应者（比值比[OR] 1.6，95% CI 1.1至2.3; OR 2，95% CI 1.4至2.6），身体状况良好的动物也是如此（OR 2，95% CI 1.5至2.9）。除Woldia外，在县一级也发现了类似的结果，其中没有一个分析变量与阳性检测结果显著相关。
Representative repeated cross-sectional skin testing for bovine tuberculosis (TB) was conducted over a period of three years in a total of 5377 cattle in three randomly selected woredas (districts) in Ethiopia (Meskan, Woldia and Bako-Gazer) that had never previously been tested for TB. Almost all (99 per cent) of the animals included local zebus kept in traditional husbandry systems. The comparative intradermal tuberculin test with two diagnostic thresholds were used to define positive test results, one according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommended cut-off of more than 4 mm, and the other with a cut-off of >2 mm. Data analysis was performed using a logistic regression model with a random effect at the village level. Applying the OIE definition, the overall representative apparent prevalence of bovine TB in skin test-positive local zebus was 0.9 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 0.6 to 1.3 per cent). Using a cut-off of more than 2 mm the overall representative prevalence increased to 4 per cent (95 per cent CI 2.4 to 4.8 per cent). Due to the low apparent prevalence, the true prevalence could be calculated only in Meskan (4.5 per cent) and Bako-Gazer (2.4 per cent) for the more than 2 mm cutoff. With the exception of Meskan, prevalence by woreda did not change significantly over the years. Mycobacterium avium reactor animals were found at all study sites, but there were significant geographical variations. Overall, bulls and oxen were more at risk of being positive reactors (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95 per cent CI 1.1 to 2.3; OR 2,95 per cent CI 1.4 to 2.6, respectively), as were animals in good body condition (OR 2, 95 per cent CI 1.5 to 2.9). Similar results were found at woreda level with the exception of Woldia, where none of the analysed variables was significantly associated with a positive test result.